 Unit 2: Sacrifice The Odyssey and mythology

Greek Mythology 101

Motif  A frequently-repeated incident or idea in a work of literature which underlines an important theme.

Update Table of Contents  Page 1 – Rules  Page 2 – Sentence Notes  Page 3 – Sentence Foldable  Page 4 – Paraphrase, Summary, Quote  Page 5 – Unit 1 Vocabulary  Page 6 – The Necklace – Graphic Organizer  Page 7 - TIQA

Interactive Notebook  Page 5 – Unit 1 Vocabulary  Page 6 – The Necklace – Graphic Organizer  Page 7 - TIQA  Page 8: Myth Notes  Page 9: Hubris  Page 11: Fate/Prophecy  Page 13: Hospitality  Page 15: Respect to the Gods  Page 17: Respect for the Dead  Page 19: Notecard Requirements

Motif # 1: Hubris  Greek concept of “reaching beyond one’s grasp”  Excessive pride, arrogance  Whenever a character (mortal) exhibits hubris in Greek myths, s/he is usually quickly punished or “brought down”

Motif #2: Fate/Prophecy  Prophecy = secrets of future  Greek myth is FULL of characters who hear a prophesy, don’t like what it says, and then try to change it.  Of course, this never seems to work.

Motif # 3: Hospitality  the relationship, the responsibility, between hosts and their guests was sacred  hosts were expected to provide hospitality and protection for their guests  hosts and guests exchanged gifts  to harm a guest, or vice versa was a HUGE NO-NO! All manner of awful things could happen to you if you neglected your responsibility to be a good host or a good guest.

Motif # 4: Respect to the Gods  mortals were expected to respect the god/desses by praying to them, building temples & shrines to them, and offering sacrifices to them  if a mortal did not show respect, s/he could expect to be punished

Motif # 5: Respect for the Dead  It was very important for ancient Greeks to treat the bodies of the dead with respect and to have a proper funeral and certain rites performed.  Without this, they believed the soul would be stranded on the wrong side of the River Styx in the Underworld.

Notecard Requirements  Requirements:  You must have a notecard for each character listed on the board & wikispace. It will be a grade due at the end of the unit.

Notecard Requirements  Requirements:  You must have a notecard for each character listed on the board & wikispace. It will be a grade due at the end of the unit.  Front:  Character’s Name  Symbol to represent the character

Notecard Requirements  Requirements:  You must have a notecard for each character listed on the board & wikispace. It will be a grade due at the end of the unit.  Front:  Character’s Name  Symbol to represent the character  Back:  Character’s Title (ex: God of War)  Status: God, Goddess, Demi-god, Mortal  1-2 sentences describing the character  Include major relationships (parents, siblings, children)

Notecard – Front Example Zeus

Notecard – Back Example Title: King of the Gods Status: God Zeus overthrew his father, Kronos after being hidden by his mother. He received the thunderbolt power from the cyclops as a gift for freeing them. He rules the sky. He is married to Hera, but has fathered many children with other women.

Uranus Myth Notes Chaos Gaea (Earth Mother) Tartarus (Underworld) Eros (Love) births Uranus (Sky), Ourea (Mountains), and Pontus (Sea)

Uranus Myth Notes Gaea Hundred-Handed Giants (3) Cyclopes (3) (all six are sent to Underworld) Also have the 13 Titans Uranus Kronos Helios (sun) Selene (moon) Themis (prophecy) Kronos Rhea Atlas Prometheus Epimetheus

Uranus Myth Notes Kronos, the youngest of the 13 Titans agrees to help his mom, Gaea Uranus’ blood seeps into sea = Furies (3) Giants Aphrodite (sea foam) uses sickle to mutilate his father, Uranus (a move to punish & gain power)

Uranus myth & Motifs  Hubris – Uranus banishes kids, brags about winning, gets mutilated  Fate/Prophecy –  Hospitality –  Respect to the Gods – Don’t mess with Gaea  Respect for the Dead -

Notecards  Chaos (immortal being)  Gaea (immortal being)  Uranus (immortal being)  Kronos (Titan)  Hundred-Handed Giants (monster)  Cyclops (monster)  Rhea (Titan)  Tartarus (immortal being)  Eros (immortal being)

Kronos and Zeus Myth Notes Kronos Rhea Hestia Demeter Hera Hades Poseidon Zeus

Kronos and Zeus Myth Notes Kronos Rhea Hestia Demeter Hera Hades Poseidon Zeus Goddess/ Guardian of the Home Goddess of the Grain -Goddess of marriage and childbirth -Queen of Olympus God of the Underworld Helmet of invisibility God of the Sea trident -God of the Sky -King of the Gods Gift of thunder and lightning

Zeus Family Tree…continued Zeus Athena Goddess of arts and crafts and defensive war

Zeus Family Tree…continued Zeus Leto Artemis Goddess of the Hunt Apollo God of prophecy, medicine, and archery

Zeus Family Tree…continued Zeus Maia Hermes Messenger of the Gods

Zeus Family Tree…continued Zeus Hera Ares God of War Hephaestus God of blacksmiths, craftsmen

Zeus Family Tree…continued Zeus Demeter Persephone Queen of the Underworld

Kronos & Zeus myth notes  Major Plot Points:  Kronos fears the prophecy, eats all of his kids  Rhea and Gaea hide Zeus and give Kronos a rock instead  Kronos throws up all his kids  10 Year War  Zeus saves Giants & Cyclopes & receives gifts  Defeat Kronos and locked him in Tartarus

Kronos & Zeus myth & Motifs  Hubris –  Fate/Prophecy –  Hospitality –  Respect to the Gods –  Respect for the Dead -

Notecards  Zeus  Hera  Hades  Poseidon

Myth Notes  Oral Tradition – bards, singers who made up verses from memorized material as they sang, told the stories of Greek mythology as they travelled around religious festivals in Greece.  repeated sections  epithets

Mythology Notes Vocabulary TermDefinitionExample Epithet Epic Poetry Epic Simile In media res deus ex machina

Mythology Notes Vocabulary TermDefinitionExample Epithetan adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality or characteristic of the person “grey-eyed Athena” “strong-armed Hephaestus” Epic Poetry Epic Simile In media res deus ex machina

Prometheus myth notes  Major Plot Points:  Prometheus created…  Epimetheus then…  But Epimetheus …  So then Prometheus…  Prometheus tricked Zeus by…  Zeus then…  Prometheus stole…  Zeus punished Prometheus by…

Prometheus myth & Motifs  Hubris – Prometheus disobey/trick Zeus - gloats  Fate/Prophecy –  1. Prophecy – Zeus will have son that will overthrow him (Athena)  2. Prometheus can see the future  Hospitality –  Respect to the Gods – Don’t disrespect Zeus  Respect for the Dead -

Notecards  Prometheus  Epimetheus

Pandora Notes  Pandora was a punishment for …  ___________ created Pandora.  Pandora: pan=all, doron = gift - “all-gifted”  List each god/goddess and the gift given to her:

Pandora’s Gifts  Hephaestus – golden wreath, face of a goddess, human voice & strength  Athena – silver clothing & veil  Graces- golden necklaces  Seasons – spring flowers  Aphrodite – love & desire  Hermes – name, inquisitive and deceitful nature  Zeus – jar

Pandora myth & Motifs  Hubris –  Fate/Prophecy –  Hospitality –  Respect to the Gods – Don’t mess with Zeus, he’ll cut you  Respect for the Dead -

House Challenge  What companies are currently named Pandora?  In a couple sentences, explain why you think they would want to be associated with the Pandora story. You may use your resources (phones/computers) to help you.  Houses with the most companies and best answers will receive points.

Notecards  Prometheus  Epimetheus  Pandora  Hephaestus (include info from other myths too)

Daedalus Notes King Minos Queen Pasiphae Ariadne Phaedra White Bull (punishment from Aphrodite) Zeus (as a white bull) Europa Minotaur (half-bull)

Daedalus myth notes  Answer the following questions. You do not have to write the questions down, but you should re-state it in your answer.  1. Why did Daedalus leave Athens?  2. How did Queen Pasiphae anger Aphrodite?  3. What was the terrible secret that Daedalus and Queen Pasiphae share?  4. How did King Minos punish his Queen & Daedalus?  5. How did Daedalus and Icarus escape?  6. What happened to Icarus?  7. Name 4 things Daedalus invented.

Daedalus myth & Motifs  Hubris –  Fate/Prophecy –  Hospitality –  Respect to the Gods –  Respect for the Dead -

Notecards  Daedalus  Icarus  Minos  Minotaur  Athena  Aphrodite

Character List UranusKronos & Zeus Prometheus PandoraDaedalusThesesusPerseusApple of Discord Trojan War Gaea Uranus Kronos Hundred- Handed Giants Cyclopes Rhea Tartarus Eros Kronos Chaos Titans Zeus Hera Poseidon Hades Prometheus Epimetheus Pandora Hephaestus Daedalus Icarus Minos Minotaur Athena Aphrodite Theseus Aegeus Perseus Medusa Hermes Andromeda

Character List in The Odyssey Book 1Book 5 Book 9 Book 10Book 11Book 12

Essential Concepts  Essential Ideas:  The relationship between the gods and mortals  The system of justice in Homer’s world  Odysseus and his education through his travels  Homer’s notion of heroism  The characteristics and style of the epic genre