Psychology 3 rd Six Weeks Exam Review

Sleep and Dreams Ch. 7 Sec. 1 (p. 182) EEG Stages of Sleep (4) REM Sleep Purpose of Sleep Circadian Rhythm Insomnia Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Night Terrors Sleepwalking Dream Interpretation (5)

Review Your Assignment and Answer the Following Questions

Studying Sleep How do researchers study sleep? By using a electroencephalograph (EEG) to record the electrical activity of the brain.

Stages of Sleep Which stage of sleep is indicated in red? REM

Stages of Sleep At which 2 hour interval does deep sleep occur? Hours 1 & 2

Stages of Sleep Which wave represents deep sleep? Wave C ABCDABCD

Stages of Sleep Which wave represents REM? Wave D ABCDABCD

Purpose of Sleep List some possible purposes of sleep: Conserve energy: charge up your batteries Focus energy on tissue repair and growth Consolidate and organize memories Evolutionary: don’t venture into the night!

Circadian Rhythm How does it affect your body? It controls how sleepy or alert you are.

Circadian Rhythm What causes the Circadian Rhythm? The season/amount of sunlight.

Sleep Disorders Which of the sleep disorders listed below are described on the following slides? – Insomnia – Sleep Apnea – Narcolepsy – Night Terrors – Sleepwalking

Sleep Disorders A person awakes with a rapid heartbeat. She is sweating profusely and is confused as to what has just happened. Insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, night terrors, or sleepwalking and sleep talking? Night terrors

Sleep Disorders This person was eating lunch with his coworkers and then fell asleep at the table with his sandwich in hand. Insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, night terrors, or sleepwalking and sleep talking? Narcolepsy

Sleep Disorders This person is snoring and then stops breathing, causing him to wake up. Insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, night terrors, or sleepwalking and sleep talking? Sleep apnea

Sleep Disorders Bob has been up for 24 hours watching episodes of the Walking Dead because he cannot sleep. Insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, night terrors, or sleepwalking and sleep talking? Insomnia

Dream Interpretation Which of the theories on dream interpretation are described on the following slides? – Psychoanalytic – Activation-Synthesis – Problem-Solving – Memory Cleanup – Memory Consolidation

Dream Interpretation Dreams are the brain’s efforts to make sense out of meaningless patterns of firing in the brain as we sleep. Psychoanalytic, Activation-Synthesis, Problem- Solving, Memory Cleanup, or Consolidation? Activation-Synthesis

Dream Interpretation Dreaming allows people time to review issues they are currently facing. Psychoanalytic, Activation-Synthesis, Problem- Solving, Memory Cleanup, or Consolidation? Problem-Solving

Dream Interpretation Dreams are the manifestation of unconscious wishes and desires that have been repressed. Psychoanalytic, Activation-Synthesis, Problem- Solving, Memory Cleanup, or Consolidation? Psychoanalytic

Dream Interpretation Images in dreams are parts of memories that are being reviewed for deletion. Psychoanalytic, Activation-Synthesis, Problem- Solving, Memory Cleanup, or Consolidation? Memory Cleanup

Drugs and Consciousness Ch. 7 Sec. 3 (p. 197) Drug Medication Drug Abuse Addiction Long-term Effects Cravings Tolerance

Review Your Notes and Answer the Following Questions

Drugs and Consciousness What is the difference between a drug and a medication? A drug is a chemical compound that can alter the structure and function of the brain and body. A medication is a drug that is prescribed to treat illness or disease.

Drugs and Consciousness List some reasons why people abuse drugs: To avoid boredom To fit in with peers To gain confidence To forget about problems To relieve pain To feel good

Drugs and Consciousness At what point does drug abuse become addiction? When the user continues to take drugs despite adverse health, social and legal consequences.

Drugs and Consciousness What are some long-term effects of drugs on the brain? Drug use destroys neurons and axon terminals- causing loss of memory, brain function and brain activity.

Drugs and Consciousness How does the brain adapt to drugs? The brain develops cravings or the desire for more drugs and then over time develops tolerance- built up resistance to the effects of the drugs.

Perception Ch. 8 Sec. 3 (p. 223) Perception Gestalt Proximity Similarity Closure Continuity Simplicity Perceptual Inference Depth Perception

Review Your Assignment and Answer the Following Questions

Perception Describe the process of perception: The brain receives information from the senses and organizes and interprets it into meaningful experiences (unconsciously).

Perception The brain makes sense of the world by creating whole structures (Gestalt) out of bits and pieces of information. Which Gestalt principle is illustrated on the following slides?

Perception Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Continuity or Simplicity? Proximity

Perception Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Continuity or Simplicity? Simplicity

Perception Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Continuity or Simplicity? Similarity

Perception Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Continuity or Simplicity? Continuity

Perception Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Continuity or Simplicity? Closure

Perception When you are driving up a hill, you assume the road will continue on the other side. What is this known as? Perceptual Inference

Perception What is perceptual inference based on? Why did you know the road would continue? Past experiences let us know what to expect.

Perception What type of perception is illustrated above? Depth perception

Memory and Thought Ch. 10 Sec. 1 & 2 (p. 272) Encoding Storage Retrieval Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Reconstructive Process Confabulation Decay Interference Elaborate rehearsal Chunking Distributed Practice Mnemonic Device

Schizophrenia Ch. 16 Sec. 4 (p. 465) Schizophrenia Delusions Hallucinations Incoherence Disturbances of Affect Diverted Attention Paranoid Catatonic Disorganized Remission Causes (4)