A Violent Choice: Civil War, Chapter 14

The Politics of War Union Policies and Objectives –Lincoln Had to rebuild an army in disarray –Radical Republicans Confederate Policies and Objectives –Diverse state goals –Planned to win with its army

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The Diplomatic Front –South sought international recognition Especially by Britain –Britain proclaimed official neutrality but did grant the South belligerent status –Trent Affair The Union’s First Attack –Battle of Bull Run Won by the South The Politics of War

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From Bull Run to Antietam Struggle for the Mississippi –North gained control of upper and lower Mississippi Battle of Shiloh New Orleans Vicksburg

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Lee’s Aggressive Defense of Virginia –Peninsular Campaign –Second Battle of Bull Run Lee’s Invasion of Maryland –Antietam From Bull Run to Antietam

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Diplomacy and the Politics of Emancipation –Britain maintained neutrality –Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln drew this up under pressure from the Radical Republicans It did not actually free any slaves From Bull Run to Antietam

The Human Dimensions of the War Instituting the Draft –Both armies faced serious lack of manpower at end of 1862 –Conscription Act –South’s compulsory draft also allowed for exemptions –Deep resentment –Riots

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Wartime Economy in the North and South –North industry and economy expanded Government assistance –South’s lack of industrial base Printed paper money not backed by specie Women in Two Nations at War –Assumed greater responsibilities –Nurses, scouts, couriers, spies, and soldiers The Human Dimensions of the War

Free Blacks, Slaves, and War –180,000 blacks served in Union –Discrimination –South relied on slave labor Life and Death at the Front –Life in camp as dangerous as life on front The Human Dimensions of the War

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Waging Total War Lincoln’s Generals and Southern Successes –Battle of Chancellorsville –Summer of 1863 saw two critical Union wins –Lincoln turned to Grant

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Grant, Sherman, and the Invention of Total War –Grant and Sherman willing to practice total war Tolerate enormous loss of life to win The Election of 1864 and Sherman’s March to the Sea –Union victories enabled Lincoln’s re-election Waging Total War

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The End of Lee and Lincoln –Appomattox Lee surrendered to Grant –Lincoln’s assassination Several days after surrender at Appotmattox –Despite Lee’s surrender, some fighting continued Waging Total War

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