ENERGY AND MATTER Chapter 14 Lesson 3

Essential Questions How does energy move in ecosystems? How is the movement of energy in an ecosystem modeled? How does matter move in ecosystems?

New Vocabulary Producer Consumer Food Chain Food web Energy Pyramid

Energy Flow Organisms get energy from food that they make or by eating other organisms  When an organisms eats another, the energy in the organism that is eaten is transferred to the organism that ate it Energy travels through organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystem in a flow (it does NOT return to tis source)

Organisms and Energy Scientist classify organisms by the way they get energy to survive Producers – change the energy in the environment into food energy  Photosynthetic – light energy is changed to food energy  Chemosynthetic – energy from chemicals in the environment is changed to food Consumers – use energy and nutrients stored in other organisms to obtain energy  Classified based on their diet

Types of Consumers Herbivores – Eat only producers  such as plants Omnivores – Eat producers and other consumers  such as humans Carnivores – Eat only other consumers  such as lions Detritivores – Eat dead plant or animal material  such as insects, fungi, worms, bacteria, and protists

Modeling Energy Flow Food chain – models how food energy moves from the environment to several organisms  Each stage has less available food energy than the last one because some food energy is converted to thermal energy and moves to the environment Food web – a model that shows several connected food chains

Food Chain vs. Food Web

Modeling Energy Flow These models are used to understand how energy travels through a community Terrestrial and aquatic organisms can interact within a food chain/food web. Energy pyramid – shows the amount of food energy available at each level of a community  Each level is called a trophic level  More energy is available at the BASE of the pyramid (where the producers are)  Each level of the pyramid has less energy than the one before  The top level usually shows the carnivores in an ecosystem

Energy Pyramid

Matter Cycles What is matter? Food, vitamins, minerals, and water are all examples of matter you need to live Your body contains water, carbon, and oxygen (more examples of matter!) Matter moves in cycles NOT in a flow

Water Cycle

Oxygen Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Review Which type of organism changes the energy available in its environment into food energy it uses to live? A. Producers B. Consumers C. Omnivores D. Herbivores

Review Which type of model do scientists use to show several connected food chains? A. An energy pyramid B. A matter cycle C. A food web D. An energy flow

Review Three matter cycles include the oxygen cycle, water cycle, and which of these? A. Carbon dioxide cycle B. Energy cycle C. Vapor cycle D. Carbon cycle