INTONATION FRANCESCA FRASER

INTONATION “The Music of Speech” (Thornbury (2006) Alters Meaning of Speech Intonation. Intonation! Intonation? Thornbury, S An A-Z of ELT. Macmillan.

PITCH. PITCH! PITCH? Perceived Meaning by Listeners Changes in stress Selma is going to Europe this year. Selma is going to Europe this year! Selma is going to Europe this year? (Celik, M. (2001). Teaching English Intonation to EFL/ESL Students. The Internet TESOL Journal. Hacettepe University, Turkey. Retrieved from:

A CLOSER LOOK AT INTONATION Utterances are differentiated by intonation. Where the stress lands determines meaning Distribution of stress across “stretches of speech ” (Thornbury, 2006) Speaker links speech to context with prosody of speech Rhythm Pausing Spacing Thornbury, S An A-Z of ELT. Macmillan.

THE NEED FOR PITCH CHANGES Pitch changes according to function of speech Attitudinal Function Helps the speaker express emotions Grammatical Function Helps the reader distinguish questions from statements Discourse Function Helps speaker and listener establish communicative interaction.

ATTITUDINAL FUNCTION Helps the speaker express emotions Intonation and Facial Expressions Excitement: Selma is going to Europe this year! Indifference: Selma is going to Europe this year. Irony: Selma is going to Europe this year.

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION Helps the reader distinguish questions from statements Punctuation (.) (?) (!) Context helps reader determine rise and fall Selma’s going to Europe this summer ? Selma’s going to Europe this summer! Selma’s going to Europe this summer. Context Matters

DISCOURSE FUNCTION Helps speaker and listener establish communicative interaction. Relates to entire “stretch of speech” Speaker’s choice of pitch Achieving Coherence & Cohesion Chun, D. (2002). Discourse Intonation in L2: From Theory and Research to Practice. John Benjamins Publishing Company. (p.32)

LOOKING INSIDE DISCOURSE FUNCTION How speaker links phrases to context Guides listener to important information Types of tones Falling Rising Rise-Fall Fall-Rise Level Selma is going to Europe this year. Thornbury, S An A-Z of ELT. Macmillan. Selma is going to Europe this year? Selma is going to Europe this year. Selma is going to Europe this year! Selma is going to Europe this year.

DISCOURSE FUNCTION PREVAILS Research on Pedagogical Intonation Information for Speaker and Listener Enhances Communication Provides foundation for L2 learners Outlines Patterns Caution Teacher Expectations Tanner and Landon, Effects of Computer-Assisted Pronunciation. Language Learning & Technology. Vol. 13. No 3, pp Baker, A.A. (2011). Discourse Prosody and Teachers’ Stated Beliefs and Practicies. TESOL Journal 2.3.