CHAPTER SIX Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

AN INTRODUCTION TO BONE

Functions of Osseous Tissue

Divisions of the Skeleton

Types of Bones

Surface Features of Bone

ANATOMY OF A BONE

Functional Anatomy of a Long Bone

Membranes of Bone

Spongy Bone

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone

Bone is Associated with Four Cell Types

Chemical Composition of Bone Osteoid = roughly 1/3 of the weight of bone is contributed by collagen fibers. Hydroxyapatites = mineral salts account for almost 2/3 of the weight of bone.

FORMATION, GROWTH, AND REPAIR OF BONE

Formation of Bone

Steps of Endochondral Ossification

Steps of Intramembranous Ossification

Growth of Bones

Appositional Growth of Bones

Bone Repair

Regulation of Bone Resorption

Regulation of Bone Deposition

BONE DISORDERS

Bone Disorders

 A fracture is a crack or a break in a bone.  Fractures are classified on the basis of: Whether the bone penetrates the skin. Simple (closed) =bone breaks cleanly, but does not penetrate the skin. Compound (open) =broken ends of bone protrude through the tissue and skin. Orientation of the break. Transverse=break occurs perpendicular to the long axis of a bone. Linear=breaks parallel to the long axis of the bone. Position of the bone ends after the fracture. Non-displaced=the bone ends retain their position. Displaced=the bone end are out of normal alignment.

Bone Fractures