Skeletal System

 Do you think there is an age where it is okay to not be physically fit?

The Skeletal System

Structured in 2 groups  Axial skeleton  80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum  Appendicular skeleton  126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders, and hips The adult skeleton has 206 bones

The Skeletal System

Functions 1. Provides mobile framework 2. Protects internal tissues and organs 3. Stores minerals 4. Produces new red blood cells and white blood cells

Types of Bones Long Bones Ex. – humerus, femur, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula

Types of Bones Short Bones Ex. Carpals, tarsals, patella

Types of Bones Flat Bones

Types of Bones Irregular Bones Ex. Facial bones and vertebrae

Joints Joints are points at which bones meet.  Partially moveable joints are bones held together by cartilage  Example: vertebrae  Freely movable joints are held together by ligaments (connects bone to bone )  Most common

Joints Ball and Socket

Joints Hinge

Joints Pivot

Joints Gliding (ellipsoidal)

Problems of the Skeletal System Fractures  Hairline fracture – incomplete and the two parts of the bone do not separate  Transverse fracture – completely across the bone  Comminuted fracture – bone shatters into more than two pieces.

Problems of the Skeletal System Dislocation  Results when the ligaments that attach the bone at the joint are torn as the bone slips out of place.  Never attempt to replace a dislocated joint; get medical help  Treatment would include having the joint reset and immobilized while the ligaments heal.

Problems of the Skeletal System Torn cartilage  Can result from a sharp blow or twisting of a joint.  Treated with arthroscopic surgery

Problems of the Skeletal System Sprain  Sprains are injuries to a ligament in a joint  Can occur in any joint, but most common in ankle and wrist