Market Campaigns as a Form of Governance: Saving Karelian Forest Case Study. Corporate Social responsibility,

Pristine Forests and Pulp and Paper Mills in Northwest Russia Source: Greenpeace Russia, 2001 Karelia MurmanskayaOblast ArkhangelskayaOblast Vologodskaya Oblast Leningradskaya Oblast Nenets Autonomous District Komi PermskayaOblast KirovskayaOblast

NGOs in promoting sustainable forest management Market campaigns Forest certification Model Forests

Case in North Western Russia Market campaign in Karelia

Contexts for a market campaign in 1980s-90s in Karelia Transnational: a) effort to create specially protected areas b) NGO market campaigns In Russia: a) national-restructuring, reforms, opening of the borders, NGO networks; b) republic of Karelia- museum of socialism; c) citizens against logging; d) Finnish-culturally important area, Kalevala park on the Finnish side of the border, financial support

Stages of the conflict

Russian stakeholders involvement Karelian government and business-park opponent (on the early stages) Karelian government-NGOs – permanent miscommunications Local government, zapovednik, NGOs – supported the park (Костомукша, Вокнаволок, Калевала) Federal government—permanent delays

International stakeholders involvement Taiga Resque Network and Greenepace- consumer boycott, occasionally direct actions WWF development of FSC certification with a mechanism to preserve old growth forests The European Union-TASIS program-financial support

Outcomes of the campaign Information campaign with few resources brought large outcomes Community in the villages were not affected NGO-government relationships were spoiled for many years to come Window of opportunity for FSC

B p C c Industry and commercial companies networks Community NGO networks A c A p B c Transnational Space Space of Place Across Spaces Conceptual model of a cross border market campaign