CORRUPTION MONITORING SYSTEM METHODOLOGY & BASIC SURVEY RESULTS Martin Dimov Vitosha Research COALITION 2000

Main objectives  Evaluate the level of corruption in different areas of public life for given period.  Account the number of corruption transactions  Map the specific characteristics of public perceptions  Periodically present information  Suggest conclusions about the scope of corruption in the country.

Characteristics  Open process  Public-private ideologue  Transparency  Identity and public standing

Methodology The Corruption Monitoring System is based on regularly conducted empirical studies.  quantitative surveys;  qualitative surveys;  media monitoring.

Results  Corruption indexes are a system of synthetic indicators  They present the results from CMS surveys and the media monitoring in a summarized form.  They evaluate/measure the level of proliferation of corrupt practices in society.  The Corruption Indexes of Coalition 2000 are published four times a year. The major output of the Corruption Monitoring System are the Corruption Indexes of Coalition 2000

Presentation of the results  The CAR is prepared on a yearly basis and presented at the Public Policy Forum.  The empirical information from the CMS surveys is available on demand.  The main results of the corruption monitoring are available at the web site of Coalition 2000 : The full analysis of the findings produced from the CMS is presented in the Corruption Assessment Report (CAR).

Corruption Indexes of Coalition 2000

Methodology of Corruption Indexes  Corruption indexes assume values from  The closer the value of the index is to 10, the more negative are the assessments of the evaluated aspect of the corruption in the country.  Index numbers close to 0 indicate approximation to the ideal of a “corruption-free” society.

Main categories of Corruption Indexes  Attitudes towards corruption;  Corrupt practices;  Assessment of the spread of corruption;  Corruption-related expectations.

Regional Corruption Monitoring The Southeast European Legal Development Initiative (SELDI) Survey results

Methodology  International Development Law Institute (IDLI) and Center for the Study of Democracy (CSD)  The Southeast European Legal Development Initiative (SELDI)  Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, and Yugoslavia  Fieldwork: January 2002 – February 2002

Acceptability in Principle This index reflects the level of value acceptability of the different corruption practices. Susceptibility to Corruption This index measures the tendency of citizens to make compromises with their value system under pressure of circumstances.

Attitudes towards Corruption

Corruption Pressure This index measures the spread of thе attempts of employees in the public sector to directly or indirectly put pressure on citizens for receiving money, gifts or services. Involvement in Corrupt Practices This index reflects the level of the personal participation of respondents in different forms of corrupt behavior, i.e. it reflects the real number of corrupt actions in the last three months.

Corrupt Practices

Spread of Corruption This index registers citizens’ assessments of the degree of spread of corrupt actions among employees in the public sphere. Practical effectiveness of corruption This index shows the assessments of citizens of the degree to which corruption is becoming an effective means of solving personal problems.

Assessment of the spread of corruption

Spread of Corruption among Public Officials 2002

AlbaniaBosnia and Herzegovina BulgariaMacedoni a RomaniaCroatiaSerbiaMontenegro Customs officers Lawyers Public prosecutors Tax officials Members of parliament Police officers Doctors Ministers Political party and coalition leaders Municipal officials Local political leaders

Corruption Expectations This index reflects the assessment of the possibilities (potential) of the society to cope with corruption.

Corruption Expectations

Media Coverage of Corruption and Perceived Relative Importance of Corruption; Bulgaria

Basic tendencies of corruption in Bulgaria  Corruptions acts are changing – always one step forward  Corruption itself is evolving  Business is more vulnerable to corruption?  Corruption perceptions are becoming standard  Corruption as “political” tool for the upcoming elections  Role of the Government institutions  Basic measures for fighting corruption