Lesson 1: Energy and Life

1. What is energy? The ability to do work.

2. What compounds do cells use to store and release energy? Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

3. What does ATP consist of? Adenine, a 5-carbon sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphate groups

4. Draw a diagram of ATP:

5. What is ADP? Adenosine diphosphate

6. Draw a diagram of ADP:

7. Explain why ADP is like a rechargeable battery? It’s partially charged – adding another phosphate fully charges it!

8. ATP can easily release and store energy by: breaking and reforming the bonds between phosphate groups Broken bond = released energy

9. To use energy provided by ATP, cells can carry out Active transport, using a sodium-potassium pump.sodium-potassium pump (Na+ K+)

10. Energy from ATP can be used to power what (list 3) a.Keeps the pumps working b.Maintains balance on ions on both sides of the cell membrane c.Powers movement (cilia & flagella) d.Synthesis of proteins e.Response to chemical signals

11. Are cells packed full of ATP? Explain. No, they only have a small amount of ATP. It can not be easily stored.

12. How do the following organisms obtain energy to produce ATP? a.heterotrophs: b.autotrophs: Obtain food by eating Make their own food

13. Define photosynthesis: Process by which plants and other autotrophs capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions.