Chapter 8.1 – Energy and Life

Describe the role of ATP in cellular activities. Explain where plants get the energy they need to produce food. Daily Objectives

Make their own food Use the energy of the sun Ex. Plants, some protists, and algae Autotrophs

Cannot make their own food Obtain energy from food they consume Heterotrophs

Glucose is called the fuel of life Monosaccharide (One sugar) Chemical Formula: C 6 H 12 O 6 Contains too much energy for cells to use all at once Must convert this large amount of energy into a usable form Like getting change from a vending machine Glucose

The principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy is called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Chemical Energy and ATP

ATP stores energy in the third phosphate ATP is like a fully charged battery Storing Energy

The energy in ATP is released by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphates Releasing Energy ADP 2 2

ATP and ADP 2

ATP is used for Active Transport Movement of organelles throughout cell Synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids Movement of cilia and flagella Using Biomechanical Energy

Most cells only have enough ATP for a few seconds of activity Why? Not good at storing energy for the long term Glucose stores 90 times the chemical energy of ATP Cells generate ATP from ADP as needed by using the energy in foods like glucose ATP Availability