1/20 Learning Target I can explain what Imperialism is and how Imperialism led to the Spanish-American War.

Learning Targets DUE TOMORROw Date/ Learning Target Friday January 8th NONE! Monday January 11th I can explain why conditions were bad for workers, and what people did to change them. Tuesday January 12th How did the book the Jungle influence history? Wednesday January 13th I can explain how women got suffrage, and why it was controversial. Thursday January 14th I can explain why so many immigrants came to the US in the early 1900’s and how they influenced US History. Friday January 15th I can write down and EXPLAIN 5 key concepts from the video. Tuesday January 19th I can explain what life was like for an Immigrant in the early 1900’s. Test Thursday January 7th

CHECK VOCAB CNN Student News

Immigrants Arrive in America 2 ports of entry into the U.S.  Ellis Island- New York City  Angel Island- San Francisco Bay To enter the ports immigrants had to be healthy and show they had money, a skill, or a sponsor to provide for them. They had to go through a series of health tests and evaluations and could possibly be sent back to their homeland if they did not meet proper guidelines..

Ellis Island Ellis Island was built in 1892 as the 1 st “Immigration Center” Later, closed in the 1940s Today it is a museum. The goal was to “screen” immigrants coming from Europe. Immigrants took physical examinations and were held at Ellis Island before they were released to the US mainland.

Ellis Island Most European immigrants came through here. (NYC) 1 st and 2 nd class passengers were inspected on the ship then released. 3 rd class had to go in to be inspected. A series of medical and legal inspections would take place before you were allowed to take a ferry in to the city. Ellis Island was the more welcoming of the two ports.

Angel Island Most Chinese and Asian immigrants came through here (San Francisco Bay) Opened in Made it very hard for Chinese immigrants to come into the U.S. Most had to prove they were American citizens to be let in. Immigrants were sometimes left here for days or weeks in poor conditions.

Immigrants Assimilate Into Society Assimilate = to fit in. Most immigrants stayed in cities and lived in ethnic neighborhoods called ghettos. These neighborhoods would share the same language, religion, and culture. By 1890 many cities had a huge immigrant population. 4/5 people in NYC were immigrants.

Assimilation Americanization = helping newcomers learn American ways. (Language, customs, dress, and diet) In many cities Americanization institutions arose to help immigrants fit in. America became known as the “Melting Pot”. Immigrants usually stuck with their native cultures but children of immigrants were more likely to adopt American ways.

Immigrants Face Hostility Nativism = belief that native born white Americans were superior to immigrants. Competition for jobs and homes often fueled resentment and religious and cultural differences caused tensions as well. Chinese Exclusion Act = 1882 Prohibited immigration by Chinese laborers, limited civil rights of immigrants in America, and forbade naturalization of Chinese residents. A later ruling said the Chinese who were already in America were considered U.S. citizens.

Chinese Exclusion Act Resentment and discrimination against the Chinese. First law to restrict immigration. Taking away jobs from Nativists

Congress also passed another act that prohibited the entry of anyone who was a criminal, immoral, or someone who handicapped. These were the beginnings of immigration restriction in America. A quota act is later going to be placed on how many immigrants can come to the U.S. from a given country.

Immigrants Change America Immigrants changed America in many ways.  Fueled industrial growth  Acquired citizenship  Elected politicians  Made their traditions a part of American culture.  Mexican Americans developed ranching techniques.  Chinese, Irish, and Mexican workers built railroads.  Immigrants worked in coal mines, steel and textile mills, and factories.  Women immigrants worked in factories, seamstresses, laundresses, made piecework, and worked as servants.  Immigrants helped the U.S. become a world power.

THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” - T. Roosevelt

IMPERIALISM - definitions 1. Imperialism = the quest to build up a territorial empire. 2. Imperialism = control by powerful nation(s) over a less advanced or less civilized area.

POWERFUL NATION USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY Advanced Economy (Industrial) Strong Government Considerable Military Strength

The “Less Advanced” Area CHARACTERIZED BY Primitive economy (pre-industrial) Underdeveloped natural resources Weak government Limited military power *Imperialism has also been called Colonialism

BACKGROUND - Imperialism US. Imperialism – response to European Imperialism 1. Fundamental Cause: Industrial Revolution Industrialized nations desired colonies to provide: a) cheap supply of raw materials b) a market for the mother country’s goods c) large profits w/ minimum risk on investment of SURPLUS CAPITAL

2. Other Causes: Used NATIONALIST arguments to gains support for EMPIRE BUILDING. a) gain glory & achieve a “place in the Sun” b) secure essential military bases & war materials c) provide an outlet for surplus population d) provide safety - missionaries spread Christianity E) bring to the backward areas the “blessings of the civilized culture” of the West [Europe & USA]

This “Duty” of the West Labeled by RUDYARD KIPLING as The “White Man’s Burden”

REASONS for U.S. turn to IMPERIALISM 1) Industrial Revolution 2) Closing of the FRONTIER – leads investors to look elsewhere for economic opportunity

4. American NATIONALISM

S PANISH- A MERICAN W AR ( 1898 ) Causes of the War: 1. Despotic Spanish rule over Cuba –A. Spain denied civil liberties & political rights –B. Levied heavy taxes – restricted foreign trade –C. Ruthlessly suppressed rebellions –D. Spain finally abolished slavery in 1886 –E. Economic depression brings another revolt for INDEPENDENCE

2. American Humanitarianism & sympathy A. Sympathized with desire for independence B. Outraged when over 200,000 Cubans died in concentration camps of hunger and disease

3. E CONOMIC I NTERESTS A. American merchants traded with Cuba to the amount of $100 Million a year B. American investors placed $50 million in sugar and tobacco plantations.

4. “Yellow Journalism” A. William Randolph Hearst – NY Journal B. Joseph Pulitzer – New York World C. Both Newspapers sought to increase circulation by sensationalized news stories. 3) Hearst’s Journal printed the Delome Letter Spanish ambassador calls McKinley “weak”

William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

Pulitzer vs. Hearst

5. Sinking of the Maine – Feb 1898 A. American battleship visiting Cuba blown up 260 Americans killed B. Cause: probably fire in a coal bin C. But, American public goaded on by the Yellow Press – blames SPAIN

Sensationalism – Yellow Journalism

Outbreak of the War McKinley demands Spain ends camps and negotiate with Cuban rebels April 11, 1898: McKinley asks Congress to use American armed forces in Cuba Congress approves on 4-20, and recognizes Cuba’s INDPENDENCE from Spain Congress adopts Teller Amendment which stated that the United States would not….

CONDUCT OF THE WAR Battle Cry = “Remember the Maine, to HELL with Spain!”

Terms - Treaty of Paris Spain agreed 1) CUBA independent 2) Puerto Rico and Guam “given” to USA 3) Philippines sold to USA for $20 Million

Spheres of Influence Ports or regions where a foreign nation retains exclusive rights over trade, mines, rails, etc.

Open Door Policy John Hay – Sec. of State Called for open access to all of China’s ports

PANAMA Originally part of Columbia Broke away with help of USA’s navy Gave USA permission to build canal

Flag of Panama Materials bought in USA

The PANAMA CANAL Reduced NY – San Francisco trip over 50% From 13,000 miles to 5,200 miles

C APE H ORN

Panama Canal 51 miles long Avg. width 492 ft. 6 locks 27,500 workers died Most from disease 10 mile canal zone

Cross-section: Panama Canal

Built during the TR years

Roosevelt Corollary Put some “teeth” into the Monroe Doctrine USA will use military to enforce the Monroe Doctrine Claimed right to “police” the W. Hemsiphere