M ULTIPLE P ATHWAYS T O U NDERSTAND See It (Models, Demonstrations, Visuals, Posted Directions & Vocabulary, Transparent Visual Design – e.g. graphic organizers) See It (Models, Demonstrations, Visuals, Posted Directions & Vocabulary, Transparent Visual Design – e.g. graphic organizers) Read It (Written directions, Annotated Texts, Posted Vocabulary & Directions) Read It (Written directions, Annotated Texts, Posted Vocabulary & Directions) Recognize It (L1 resources, Familiar comparisons & contexts, Build on background knowledge ) Recognize It (L1 resources, Familiar comparisons & contexts, Build on background knowledge ) Hear It (Read aloud, Adjust sp eech, Repetition) Hear It (Read aloud, Adjust sp eech, Repetition) Do It (Scaffolded opportunities to try the task.) Do It (Scaffolded opportunities to try the task.) Interact with It (Figure it out with a partner, small groups, different teachers ) Interact with It (Figure it out with a partner, small groups, different teachers )

M ULTIPLE P ATHWAYS T O S HOW U NDERSTANDING Orally – English and/or L1 Writing – English and/or L1 Sentences with word banks and/or sentence frames Shortened responses Writing – English and/or L1 Sentences with word banks and/or sentence frames Shortened responses Adapted Assessment Yes/No prompts Simplified Language Focused Study Guides Read questions aloud Assess what’s most important, not every detail Adapted Assessment Yes/No prompts Simplified Language Focused Study Guides Read questions aloud Assess what’s most important, not every detail Visually Drawing, pictures, symbols Visually Drawing, pictures, symbols Demonstrations Additional Resources Extra Time Dictionary Helper Additional Resources Extra Time Dictionary Helper

E XPLICIT A TTENTION TO L ANGUAGE Work with Words Teach Key Vocabulary Word Walls Personal Dictionary Word Skills – e.g. cognates, context clues, using a dictionary, parts of words (roots, prefixes, suffixes) Work with Words Teach Key Vocabulary Word Walls Personal Dictionary Word Skills – e.g. cognates, context clues, using a dictionary, parts of words (roots, prefixes, suffixes) Work with Structure Teach Grammatical Patterns Sentence Frames L1/L2 Comparisons Focused Feedback on Grammatical Errors Provide Linguistic Models Work with Structure Teach Grammatical Patterns Sentence Frames L1/L2 Comparisons Focused Feedback on Grammatical Errors Provide Linguistic Models Work Across Modalities Reading, Writing, Listening, Speaking As a general rule: oral first Recognize different proficiency levels across modalities Work Across Modalities Reading, Writing, Listening, Speaking As a general rule: oral first Recognize different proficiency levels across modalities Build Language Learning Skills Language learning strategies How to use L1 as a tool Language learning goals Support with language learning frustration How to interact with fluent English speakers Build Language Learning Skills Language learning strategies How to use L1 as a tool Language learning goals Support with language learning frustration How to interact with fluent English speakers