+ How we get Traits Ms. Lowery

+ 4 th Period Agenda Dog Lab Questions Genetic Vocabulary Punnett Square practice: dog lab traits

+ Video Consent Forms If you do not want to be video taped then take this to your parents and have them sign it. If you and your parent do not mind that you will be video taped for my educational purposes then please do not return the sheet to me.

+ Warm Up In your Journal: What is the difference between an inherited trait and an acquired trait? Give an example of each Inherited trait: A trait you are born with and get from your parents. Example: eye color, height, Acquired trait: A trait you develop over time. Not born with Example: walking, reading, playing sports, wrinkles

+ Gene: The section of DNA that holds the instructions for a trait. Genes are located on chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell Each cell in the human body contains about 25,000 to 35,000 genes. Genes carry the information that determines your traits which are features or characteristics that are passed on to you — or inherited — from your parents.

+ Gene Pair: Two genes that work together to show a single trait How do we get the right amount of genes from our parents? One gene from each parent comes from our father and the other half comes from our mother.

+ Gregory Mendel: The Father of Genetics Mendel ( ) did research on genetics by studying various pea plants! Mendel’s Law’s of Heredity: 1) Each individual carries two genes for each trait, but passes down only one. 2) One gene is dominant over the other. Example: If parent had Bb for eye color. B is trait for brown eyes, b is trait for blue eyes. Parent would only pass down one of the genes B or b. B is dominant over b. So parent would have Brown eyes but could pass down blue eyes trait to offspring.

+ Hairless Guinea Pigs?! In your journal: Write words that you’ve never heard or don’t know what they mean down from the video Write two facts/definitions you learned from the video

+ WOW that’s a lot of vocabulary. Genotype vs. Phenotype Dominant Trait vs. Recessive Trait Heterozygous vs. Homozygous(Purebred)

+ Genotype VS. Phenotype The genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits Example: Gene for brown eyes is B The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by genes Example: Phenotype for Gene B is Brown Eyes Genotype Phenotype

+ Dominant VS. Recessive Trait Gene that always shows up over another trait. Example: Gene B for Brown Eyes is dominant over Gene b for Blue Eyes. Gene that is hidden or not visible unless the parents both provide the recessive gene. Example: If your mom has Gene b for blue eyes and your dad has Gene b for blue eyes you could have blue eyes. DominantRecessive

+ Homozygous VS. Heterozygous Carries both of the same genes for a trait. Example: Both parents pass down a gene for blue eyes (b) or both pass down gene for brown eyes (B) and off spring end up with two of the same genes (BB or bb) Carries different variations of genes for a trait. Example: One parent passes down a gene for blue eyes (b) and one passes down a gene for brown eyes (B). The offspring would be Bb. A heterozygous. What is the phenotype (what color are their eyes?): Brown, because Gene B is dominant over Gene b Homozygous (Purebred)Heterozygous

+ Punnett Square Brown eyes – B Blue eyes- b One parent has brown eyes -BB. Another parent has blue eyes – bb. Let’s see what their children can be. B B b b