ACIDS AND BASES NOTES Chapter 7 Sections 3 & 4

ACIDS An acid is any compound that increases the number of HYDROGEN (H+) ions when dissolved in water.

Properties of Acids  Sour taste  Corrosive ( can destroy tissues and clothing)  Changes litmus paper to red  Has a pH of 0-6

Uses of Acids Sulfuric acid is used to produce metals, paper, paint, detergents, and fertilizers. Found in the stomach to help digestion. Vitamin C Can be used to remove algae from pools

BASES A base is any compound that increases the number of HYDROXIDE (OH-) ions when dissolved in water

Properties of Bases Taste bitter Feel slippery to touch. Corrosive. Change litmus paper to blue. Have a pH of 8-14

Uses of Bases Soap Drain cleaners Cement, mortar, and plaster Antacids like Tums and Maalox

SALTS Salts are ionic compounds formed from the + ion of a base and the – ion of an acid When an acid and base react together, a SALT and water are produced

The pH Scale The pH scale is a way to tell how acidic or basic something is. Numbers are 0 through is the most acidic. 14 is the most basic. 7 is neutral.

Properties of Neutral Substances Very little or salty taste. Non-corrosive Not dangerous pH of 7 Examples: water, blood

ACID, BASE, OR NEUTRAL? pH of 3 Sour Patch kid Shampoo pH of 7 Lotion pH of 13 Old milk

Uses of Salts NaCl is used to season food. Calcium sulfate is used to make wallboard Sodium nitrate is a food preservative. Calcium Carbonate is found in limestone, chalk, and seashells.