MAJ John Gallagher 13 April 2010 ISAF / USFOR-A Communication Directorate Communication Theory and Practice in Afghanistan

A War of Perceptions Legitimacy-Centric COIN “Big Ideas” vs. Operationalization – Strategy as a Hypothesis – IF condition, THEN outcome Public Perception of Legitimacy – Locally defined – Vs. Security- or Capacity-Centric COIN Counterinsurgency vs. a “counter-insurgency” Reputation vs Communication: – Interdependence of words and deeds – Perception of Nature, Behavior, Intentions Strategic Self-Expression, Communication, Persuasion, Reputation  Active Popular Support Theoretical Considerations

A War of Perceptions Malign Influence What are extremist “voices” saying? – Anti-Government sentiment – Religious narrative Fear / Credible Threat of Violence – Add $$$ – Promises Networked Enemy – 4 th Generation warfare – Can “match” our force projection 9-13% somewhat or strongly favorable view of INS Keep the population unsure, uncommitted Complex information environment / motivations Theoretical Considerations

A War of Perceptions Civ-Mil Integration (Blue Plan) Resources Communication Directive Information Engagement Framework Practical Applications

US Emb-K / USFOR-A Communication “Blue Plan”: Resources Personnel 56 Estimated CY Expenditures $100 M Personnel 228 Estimated CY Expenditures $190 M

Civ-Mil Campaign Plan: “Claiming the Information Initiative” 6 Strategic Objective 1: Counter Extremist Voices Afghanistan Communication [Blue] Plan Mission Statement Align all communications plans, resources, and initiatives to ensure the people of Afghanistan perceive GIRoA and the IC as legitimate and capable long-term partners, reject violent extremism, and actively share in risks to achieve security, stability, and prosperity. 1- and 2-year Goals Primary Effect Contributing Effect Primary Effect Contributing Effect Programs Resources Programs Resources Programs Resources Programs Resources Strategic Objective 4: Expand Media Outreach Strategic Objective 3: Build Afghan Communication Capacity Strategic Objective 2: Strengthen People-to-People Ties Primary Effect Contributing Effect Programs Resources Programs Resources Civ-Mil Integration: Blue Plan Structure

A War of Perceptions Civ-Mil Integration (Blue Plan) Resources Communication Directive Information Engagement Framework Practical Applications QUESTIONS?