Medical Terminology get connected! CHAPTER Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Introduction to Medical Terminology 1

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Media Directory Slide 12Elements of Medical Terms

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Learning Objectives IDENTIFY the three types of medical terms. EXPLAIN the differences between prefixes, suffixes, word roots, and combining vowels. FORM combining forms.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Learning Objectives EXPLAIN how to analyze (building and interpreting) medical terms. DESCRIBE how to pluralize medical terms. UNDERSTAND how to pronounce medical terms.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Introduction to Med Term Surrounds us in our daily lives –Doctor's office –Talking with friends –Reading the newspaper –Listening to television

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Introduction to Med Term Figure 1.1 A nurse and medical assistant review a patient's chart and plan daily care. Source: Shutterstock, Michaeljung

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Introduction to Med Term Healthcare professions use it because: –It is an efficient method of conveying specific and important information –Each term has a precise meaning –Detailed information can be shared with just a few words

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Three Types of Med Terms Built from Latin and Greek word parts –Cardiology and tonsillectomy Eponyms - based on a person's name –Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease Modern English words –Irritable bowel syndrome and magnetic resonance imaging

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Elements of Medical Terms Majority are built from Latin or Greek word parts Begin by memorizing individual word parts Next learn to analyze and build medical terms

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Elements of Medical Terms Gain ability and confidence through using terms over and over Become a permanent part of your professional vocabulary

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Elements of Medical Terms Word Roots Suffixes Prefixes Combining Vowels

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Elements of Medical Terms Click on the image in presentation mode to view a video introducing the parts of a medical term. Click a second time to pause the video. Back to Directory

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Word Roots Foundation of most medical terms Gives essential meaning of the term Frequently, but not always, refers to: –Body structure –Organ –System

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Word Root Examples cardiheart gastrstomach hepatliver rhinnose cephalhead arthrjoint mymuscle ostebone electrelectricity carcincancer

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Suffixes Found at end of medical term Provides information about word root such as: –Conditions –Diseases –Surgical procedures –Diagnostic procedures

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Suffixes All medical terms must have a suffix –Only word part this is true for When written by itself, a hyphen is placed at the front of the suffix –-itis –-ectomy –-logy

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Examples of Suffixes -ectomy means surgical removal –Gastrectomy means surgical removal of stomach -itis means inflammation –Arthritis means inflammation of a joint -megaly means enlarged –Hepatomegaly means enlarged liver

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Examples of Suffixes -logy means study of –Cardiology means study of the heart -gram means a record or picture –Electrocardiogram means record of the heart's electricity -pathy means disease –Myopathy means muscle disease

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Prefixes Found at beginning of medical term Provides information about word root such as: –Abnormal conditions –Numbers –Positions –Times

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Prefixes Many medical terms do not have a prefix When written by itself, a hyphen is placed at the end of the prefix –inter- –dys- –sub-

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Examples of Prefixes inter- means between –Intervertebral means between the vertebrae a- means without –Apnea means without breathing dys- means abnormal, difficult, or painful –Dysuria means painful urination

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Examples of Prefixes sub- means below, underneath –Subcutaneous means below the skin bi- means two –Bilateral means two sides post- means after –Postsurgical means after surgery

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Combining Vowel Almost always an “o” Does not have any meaning Used for two reasons –To connect together word parts –To make terms easier to spell and pronounce

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Combining Vowel Placed either between: –A word root and suffix –Two word roots Not placed between prefix and word root

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Between Word Root & Suffix If suffix begins with a vowel, combining vowel is not necessary –Arthr + -itis = arthritis –Arthroitis is not correct If suffix begins with a consonant, use combining vowel – + -plasty = rhinoplasty Rhin Hepat+ -megaly = hepatomegaly

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Between Two Word Roots Use a combining vowel, even if the second word root begins with a vowel –  Gastrenterology is not correct – + enter+ -logy= gastroenterologyGastr + arthr+ -itis= osteoarthritisOste

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Combining Form Not one of the three word parts Combination of word root + combining vowel Standard way to write word roots because they are easier to pronounce

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Combining Form (cont'd) Written as the word root/combining vowel –gastr/o –cardi/o –arthr/o –electr/o

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Figure 1.2 Common combining forms for body organs

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Analyzing Medical Terms When you see a new medical term, don't panic! The meaning of individual word parts will give you information necessary to understand at least the basic meaning of the term

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht To Define a Medical Term New term: dysmenorrhea Use slashes to divide term into its word parts dys/ men/ o/ rrhea

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht To Define a Medical Term Define each word part –dys- = prefix meaning abnormal, painful –men = word root meaning menstruation –o = combining vowel, no meaning –-rrhea = suffix meaning flow

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht To Define a Medical Term Put meanings together to form a phrase –abnormal or painful menstrual flow

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht To Define a Medical Term Figure 1.3 You can figure out the meaning of a medical term by dividing it into its word parts and then define each part.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht To Build a Medical Term Build a term that means fibrous skin tumor Choose word parts for each portion of the phrase –fibr = word root meaning fibrous –dermat = word root meaning skin –-oma = suffix meaning tumor

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht To Build a Medical Term Place each word part in its correct order – –Dermatofibroma Dermat/ fibr / o / oma

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Forming Plurals Word ends inSingularPlural -aVertebraVertebrae -axThoraxThoraces -exApexApices -ixAppendixAppendices -maSarcomaSarcomata -isMetastasisMetastases -onSpermatozoonSpermatozoa -umOvumOva -usAlveolusAlveoli -yBiopsyBiopsies -xPhalanxPhalanges

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Hints for Pronunciation HintExample ae or oe, pronounce only second letter Bursae (BER-see) c & g are soft if followed by e, i, or y Cerebrum (ser-REE-brum) c & g are hard if followed by other letters Cardiac (CAR-dee-ak) e or es at end of word pronounced as separate syllable Syncope (SIN-koh-pee) ch at beginning has hard kChemical (KIM-ih-call)

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: get connected! Suzanne Frucht Hints for Pronunciation HintExample i at the end of a word is pronounced 'eye' Nuclei (NEW-clee-eye) pn at beginning of word, pronounce only n Pneumonia (new-MOH-nee-ah) pn in middle of word, pronounce p and n separately Apnea (AP-nee-ah) ps at beginning of word, pronounce only s Psychology (sigh-KOL-oh-jee)