How does the nervous system work?
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The Nervous System To learn how the nervous system functions, you must learn how the nervous system is put together…
Divisions of the Nervous System Peripheral NSCentral NS Autonomic NSSomatic NS BrainSpinal Cord Sympathetic NSParasympathetic NS
The central nervous system is divided into two parts: the brain and the spinal cord.
Divisions of the Nervous System Peripheral NSCentral NS Autonomic NSSomatic NS BrainSpinal Cord Sympathetic NSParasympathetic NS
The somatic nervous system consists of peripheral nerve fibers that send sensory information to the central nervous system AND motor nerve fibers that project to skeletal muscle. The autonomic nervous system controls smooth muscle of the internal organs and glands.
The Autonomic Nervous System is most important in two situations: 1.In emergencies that cause stress and require us to "fight" or take "flight" (run away) SYMPATHETIC NS and 2.In non-emergencies that allow us to "rest" and "digest.“ PARASYMPATHETIC NS
The Sympathetic Nervous System It is a nice, sunny day...you are taking a nice walk in the park. Suddenly, an angry bear appears in your path. Do you stay and fight OR do you turn and run away? These are "Fight or Flight" responses. In these types of situations, your sympathetic nervous system is called into action - it uses energy - your blood pressure increases, your heart beats faster, and digestion slows down.
The Parasympathetic Nervous System It is a nice, sunny day...you are taking a nice walk in the park. This time, however, you decide to relax in comfortable chair that you have brought along. This calls for "Rest and Digest" responses. Now is the time for the parasympathetic nervous to work to save energy - your blood pressure decreases, your heart beats slower, and digestion can start.
The Autonomic Nervous System StructureSympathetic StimulationParasympathetic Stimulation Iris (eye muscle)Pupil dilationPupil constriction Salivary GlandsSaliva production reducedSaliva production increased Oral/Nasal MucosaMucus production reducedMucus production increased HeartHeart rate and force increasedHeart rate and force decreased LungBronchial muscle relaxedBronchial muscle contracted StomachPeristalsis reduced Gastric juice secreted; motility increased Small IntestineMotility reducedDigestion increased Large IntestineMotility reduced Secretions and motility increased Liver Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose KidneyDecreased urine secretionIncreased urine secretion Adrenal medulla Norepinephrine and epinephrine secreted Bladder Wall relaxed Sphincter closed Wall contracted Sphincter relaxed
Brain Matters Ch1; Neuron 12:54 Crash Course 12:03 Biological bases Neuron 5:11 Psychology 101 Biological Bases of Behaviour Part 3 Neurotransmitters 3:23
If pictures of the parts of the body are drawn next to their corresponding brain areas, the fingers are very large and the arms and back are small. This type of picture is called a homunculus, literally, "little man" or person.
Divisions of the Nervous System
Peripheral NSCentral NS Autonomic NSSomatic NS BrainSpinal Cord Sympathetic NSParasympathetic NS
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