World War II:

Who? AlliesAxis Great Britain Soviet Union United States December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor France China Germany Italy Japan

Major Leaders Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Benito Mussolini Italy

Major Leaders Hideki Tojo Japanese Prime Minister Winston Churchill British Prime Minister

Major Leaders Franklin Delano Roosevelt United States President Joseph Stalin Soviet Union Leader

Causes of WW2 The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles (ended World War One) Germany lost land to neighboring Germany lost land to neighboringcountries Germany must pay war reparations Germany must pay war reparations ($ to WW1 Allies to pay for war debt) ($ to WW1 Allies to pay for war debt) Germany had to accept the blame Germany had to accept the blame for WW1 Because Germany had to pay war Because Germany had to pay war reparations this led to an economic depression and humiliated Germany.

Unemployment Line “The great masses of the people will more easily fall victims to a big lie than to a small one.” - Adolf Hitler

Causes of WW2 The world wide depression made Germany’s depression even worse The world wide depression made Germany’s depression even worse In desperate times people turn to new leaders to help them regain control In desperate times people turn to new leaders to help them regain control Germany turned to Adolf Hitler to solve many of the country’s problems Germany turned to Adolf Hitler to solve many of the country’s problems

The deutschmark in 1923 was only good for making kites.

…and for burning in stoves

Rise of Totalitarian Regimes In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation Totalitarianism Communist Dictatorship (USSR) Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy) Military Dictatorship (Japan) Fascism: military government based on racism & nationalism with strong support from the business community

What did Hitler want? Wanted the land that was taken from Germany to be returned to Germany Wanted the land that was taken from Germany to be returned to Germany Austria returned to Germany peacefully in 1938 Austria returned to Germany peacefully in 1938 The Munich Conference: Hitler wanted the land of France and Great Britain to be given to Germany The Munich Conference: Hitler wanted the land of France and Great Britain to be given to Germany Hitler would rule these lands peacefully Hitler would rule these lands peacefully If they were not returned then he would take these lands by force If they were not returned then he would take these lands by force

Munich Conference Mussolini, Hitler, and Chamberlain at the Munich Conference, Germany, 29 Sep 1938; the man between Hitler and Chamberlain was Hitler's interpreter Paul Otto Gustav Schmidt

What did Hitler want? The Non-aggression Pact: The Non-aggression Pact: Between Germany and Russia Between Germany and Russia Russia would stay out of the war in return for half of Poland’s land. Russia would stay out of the war in return for half of Poland’s land.

Non-Aggression Pact Signing

Germany Invades Poland September 1, 1939 September 1, 1939 No declaration of war was issued when Germany invaded Poland No declaration of war was issued when Germany invaded Poland France and Great Britain declare war against Germany on September 3rd for invading a “neutral” country. France and Great Britain declare war against Germany on September 3rd for invading a “neutral” country.

Germany moves forward In the next year, Hitler invades: Denmark Norway The Netherlands, France Hitler in Paris

D-Day Much of Europe was controlled by the Axis power for 4 long years Much of Europe was controlled by the Axis power for 4 long years On June 6 th 1944 the Allied armies launched an attack on the Germans stationed in France On June 6 th 1944 the Allied armies launched an attack on the Germans stationed in France This was known as D-Day This was known as D-Day

The End Mussolini’s Death: killed by Italian Fascists on April 28 while trying to escape to Switzerland Mussolini’s Death: killed by Italian Fascists on April 28 while trying to escape to Switzerland Hitler’s Death: committed suicide with his wife on April 30 th while the Battle of Berlin was going on. Hitler’s Death: committed suicide with his wife on April 30 th while the Battle of Berlin was going on. He did not want to suffer the same fate as Mussolini He did not want to suffer the same fate as Mussolini Eva Braun

Timeline May 1 st : German forces in Italy surrender May 1 st : German forces in Italy surrender May 2 nd : German forces in Berlin surrender May 2 nd : German forces in Berlin surrender May 4 th : German forces in North West Germany, Denmark and Holland surrender May 4 th : German forces in North West Germany, Denmark and Holland surrender May 7 th : Germany forces surrender unconditionally to the Allied armies May 7 th : Germany forces surrender unconditionally to the Allied armies

V-E Day Victory in Europe Victory in Europe May 8 th, 1945 May 8 th, 1945 World War II is over World War II is over

Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan August 6th and 9 th, 1945

On September 2, 1945 a formal surrender was performed in Tokyo Bay aboard the battleship Missouri.

Outcome of World War 2 The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as world “superpowers” The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as world “superpowers” NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed Agreed to defend one another if they were attacked by the Soviet Union or any other country Agreed to defend one another if they were attacked by the Soviet Union or any other country