1783 Peace Treaty which ends the Revolutionary War Great Britain recognizes United States Sets boundaries for country

“ Is a document which sets out powers and duties of a government”

“ System where citizens elect representatives who are responsible to the people”

1 st American Government Each Colony gets 1 vote Powers to declare war, coin money Had no power to tax

SPAIN Closes Mississippi River Refuse to leave forts in Ohio Valley Close ports to U.S. ships Raise tariffs on U.S. goods BRITISH

Interstate trade—competition between states Each state printing own paper money War debt Inflation—Prices rising too fast Depression—No jobs

 Massachusetts pays war debt by taxing land  Many farmers lose land to pay taxes  Daniel Shays leads farmers revolt to close down courts

Washington Fears that the new United State must look ridiculous…in the eyes of all Europe.” Proves Weakness of Articles of Confederation No power to put down rebellion

All delegates will be held to the highest level of statesmanship. No offensive language or put-downs will be allowed. Any member rising to speak shall address his/her comments to the President of the Convention While anyone speaks, no one shall talk, read a book, pamphlet, or paper. Each member may speak only twice on a question. Member cannot speak twice until all have spoken if they so chose Any agreement that is made must be written down and signed by each state in attendance. These agreements must be unanimous (all must agree!) Any agreement can be reviewed at any time. Discussions concerning the constitutions should be held only in this room. Any discussion concerning points gained or lost will result in an “F” for the simulation and alternative assignment being assigned.

How many branches of government should there be? How many representatives should each state have? (Equal versus proportional representation) What does your state think about slavery?

Virginia Plan (PROPORTIONAL) There should be a national government made up of three branches Legislative to pass the laws Executive to carry out the laws Judicial to decide if laws are carried out fairly The Legislature should have two houses -The number of representatives should be based on population There should be a national government made up of three branches Legislative to pass the laws Executive to carry out the laws Judicial to decide if laws are carried out fairly The Legislature should have one house Each state will have the same number of representatives New Jersey Plan ( EQUAL )

Great Compromise Proposed by Roger Sherman (Connecticut) National Government with three branches Two house Legislature Senate—Upper House Two per state (equal) House of Representatives- Lower House (by population) Proposed by James Wilson (Pennsylvania) For House of Representatives—Every five slaves count as three End Slave Trade by /5ths Compromise