Latin II Lesson 10b: Present Subjunctive

 Latin Verbs possess 5 basic characteristics: 1.Person 2.Number 3.Tense 4.Voice 5.Mood

 Latin verbs possess 3 moods: 1. Indicative Mood: expresses statements of fact 2. Imperative Mood: expresses commands 3. Subjunctive Mood: expresses wishes and possibilities

 Subjunctive Mood has four tenses: Present, Imperfect, Perfect, and Pluperfect tenses ◦ Active and Passive voices  Translation of Subjunctive depends on the type of subjunctive clause used (TBD)

 The main difference between the present indicative and subjunctive is a vowel change: 1. 1 st Conjugation: replace present stem vowel –a with –e 2. 2 nd Conjugation-4 th Conjugation: add an –a to the present stem

First Conjugation:  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um  ama- (replace the a- with e-) ame + P.E. Active VoicePassive Voice amemamemusameramemur amesametisamerisamemini ametamentameturamentur  Translation depends upon use

Second Conjugation:  habeo, habēre, habui, habitus- a, um  Habe-(add ana- to stem) habea+ P.E. Active VoicePassive Voice habeamhabeamushabearhabeamur habeashabeatishabearishabeamini habeathabeanthabeaturhabeantur  Translation depends upon use

Third Conjugation:  pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um  Pon- (add ana- to stem) pona+ P.E. Active VoicePassive Voice ponamponamusponarponamur ponasponatisponarisponamini ponatponantponaturponantur  Translation depends upon use

Fourth (3 rd –io) Conjugation:  audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um  audi- (add ana- to stem) audia + P.E. Active VoicePassive Voice audiamponamusaudiaraudiamur audiasponatisaudiarisaudiamini audiatponantaudiaturaudiantur  Translation depends upon use

Latin II Lesson 15: Present Subjunctive: sum & possum

sum, esse, fui, futurus –a, um possum, posse, potui, -- simsimus sissitis sitsint possim possimus possis possitis possit possint

Latin II Lesson 12: Imperfect Subjunctive

 Imperfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ present active infinitive + personal endings

First Conjugation:  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um  amāre + Personal Endings Active VoicePassive Voice amāremamāremusamāreramāremur amāresamāretisamārerisamāremini amāretamārentamāreturamārentur  Translation depends upon use

Second Conjugation:  habeo, habēre, habui, habitus- a, um  habēre + Personal Endings Active VoicePassive Voice habēremhabēremushabērer habēremur habēreshabēretishabēreris habēremini habērethabērenthabēretur habērentur  Translation depends upon use

Third Conjugation:  pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um  ponere + Personal Endings Active VoicePassive Voice poneremponeremusponerer poneremur poneresponeretisponereris poneremini poneretponerentponeretur ponerentur  Translation depends upon use

Fourth Conjugation:  audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um  audīre + Personal Endings Active VoicePassive Voice audīremaudīremusaudīreraudīremur audīresaudīretisaudīrerisaudīremini audīretaudīrentaudīreturaudīrentur  Translation depends upon use

sum, esse, fui, futurus –a, um possum, posse, potui, -- essemessemus essesessetis essetessent possem possemus posses possetis posset possent

Latin II Lesson 17: Perfect Subjunctive

 Perfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ Perfect Active Stem + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint

First Conjugation:  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um  amav + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint amaverimamaverimus amaverisamaveritis amaveritamaverint  Translation depends upon use

Second Conjugation:  habeo, habēre, habui, habitus- a, um  habu + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint habuerimhabuerimus habuerishabueritis habuerithabuerint  Translation depends upon use

Third Conjugation:  pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um  posu + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint posuerimposuerimus posuerisposueritis posueritposuerint  Translation depends upon use

Fourth Conjugation:  audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um  audīv + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint audiverimaudiverimus audiverisaudiveritis audiveritaudiverint  Translation depends upon use

sum, esse, fui, futurus –a, um possum, posse, potui, -- fuerimfuerimus fuerisfueritis fueritfuerint potuerim potuerimus potueris potueritis potuerit potuerint

Latin II Lesson 16: Pluperfect Subjunctive

 Perfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ Perfect Active Infinitive + Personal Endings

First Conjugation:  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um  amavisse + Personal Endings amavissemamavissemus amavissesamavissetis amavissetamavissent  Translation depends upon use

Second Conjugation:  habeo, habēre, habui, habitus- a, um  habuisse + Personal Endings habuissemhabuissemus habuisseshabuissetis habuissethabuissent  Translation depends upon use

Third Conjugation:  pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um  posuisse + Personal Endings posuissemposuissemus posuissesposuissetis posuissetposuissent  Translation depends upon use

Fourth Conjugation:  audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um  audīvisse + Personal Endings audivissemaudivissemus audivissesaudivissetis audivissetaudivissent  Translation depends upon use

sum, esse, fui, futurus –a, um possum, posse, potui, -- fuissemfuissemus fuissesfuissetis fuissetfuissent potuissem potuissemus potuisses potuissetis potuisset potuissent

Latin II Perfect Passive Subjunctive

 Perfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ Perfect Passive Participle and present subjunctive of sum ◦ Perfect Passive Subjunctive is a two word form

First Conjugation:  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um  amatus and present subjunctive of sum amatus simamati simus amatus sisamati sitis amatus sitamati sint  Translation depends upon use

Second Conjugation:  habeo, habēre, habui, habitus- a, um  habitus and present subjunctive of sum habita simhabitae simus habita sishabitae sitis habita sithabitae sint  Translation depends upon use

Third Conjugation:  pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um  positus and present subjunctive of sum positum simposita simus positum sisposita sitis positum sitposita sint  Translation depends upon use

Fourth Conjugation:  audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um  auditus and present subjunctive of sum auditus simauditi simus auditus sisauditi sitis auditus sitauditi sint  Translation depends upon use

Latin II Lesson 16: Pluperfect Subjunctive

 Perfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ Perfect Passive Participle and present subjunctive of sum ◦ Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive is a two word form

First Conjugation:  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um  amatus and imperfect subjunctive of sum amatus essemamati essemus amatus essesamati essetis amatus essetamati essent  Translation depends upon use

Second Conjugation:  habeo, habēre, habui, habitus- a, um  habitus and imperfect subjunctive of sum habita essemhabitae essemus habita esseshabitae essetis habita essethabitae essent  Translation depends upon use

Third Conjugation:  pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um  positus and imperfect subjunctive of sum positum essemposita essemus positum essesposita essetis positum essetposita essent  Translation depends upon use

Fourth Conjugation:  audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um  auditus and imperfect subjunctive of sum auditus essemauditi essemus auditus essesauditi essetis auditus essetauditi essent  Translation depends upon use