SOCIOLOGY A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e SOCIOLOGY Chapter Seven: Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. James M. Henslin

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon “The idea that efficiency and practical results should dominate human affairs.” The Rationalization of Society

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Prior—Traditional Orientation  Past Best Guide for Present  Post—Industrialization  Rationality—Most Efficient Going Forward Why Did Society Change?

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Marx: Capitalism Broke Tradition  Weber: Religion Broke Tradition Why Did Society Change?

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon “Secondary groups designed to achieve specific objectives.” What Are Formal Organizations?

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Five Characteristics of Bureaucracies  Clear Levels  Division of Labor  Written Rules  Written Communication and Records  Impersonality & Replaceability Formal Organizations and Bureaucracy

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  “Ideal” vs. “Real” Bureaucracy  Extent of Bureaucracy - A Matter of Degree  Ideal vs. Actual Organizational Chart Formal Organizations and Bureaucracy

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20078

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Red Tape  Lack of Communication Between Units  Bureaucratic Alienation Dysfunctions of Bureaucracies

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Resisting Alienation  The Alienated Bureaucrat  Bureaucratic Incompetence Dysfunctions of Bureaucracies

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Goal Displacement  Perpetuation of Bureaucracies  Social Significance of Bureaucracies Formal Organizations and Bureaucracy

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Functions of Voluntary Associations  Advance Particular Interests  Offer People Identity  Govern Nations and Maintain Social Order  These Apply to All or Most Voluntary Associations Voluntary Associations

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Functions of Voluntary Associations  Mediate Between Government and Individuals  Help Individuals Climb Occupational Ladder  Bring People into Political Mainstream  Pave Way for Social Change  These Apply to Only Some Voluntary Associations Voluntary Associations

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Shared Interests  Motivations for Joining Differ  Experience High Turnover  The Problem of Oligarchy  Leaders Grow Distant from Members  Iron Law of Oligarchy Voluntary Associations

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Stereotypes  The “Hidden” Corporate Culture  Hidden Values  Self-Fulfilling Prophesies  Achievement Level Affects Behavior Working for the Corporation

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Develop Rather than Impede Potential  Access to Opportunities  Distribute Power More Evenly  Can Bureaucracies Adapt? Humanizing the Corporate Culture

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Work Teams  Corporate Day Care  Employee Stock Ownership  Fads in the Workplace - Quality Circles Humanizing the Corporate Culture

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  The Conflict Perspective  Technology and Control of Workers Working for the Corporation

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon How They Differ  Hiring and Promoting  Lifetime Security  Almost Total Involvement  Broad Training  Decision-Making by Consensus U.S. and Japanese Corporations

Chapter 7:Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Myth vs. Reality  Differences Generally True  However, Changes Afoot U.S. and Japanese Corporations