Chapter 16.1 HITLER’S LIGHTNING WAR

NON-AGGRESSION PACT A peace agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union – Not to attack each other Secretly agreed to split Poland between the 2 nations Allowed Germany to focus on France and granted the Soviet Union the Baltic countries of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia

BLITZKREIG Germany’s military strategy involving fast-moving airplanes and tanks, followed by massive infantry forces Took enemies by surprise and quickly overwhelmed them Translated to “Lightning War” Used to invade Poland - the incident that caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany

RESCUE AT DUNKIRK British navy and civilians rescued Allied forces at Dunkirk after the Germans had trapped them there 338,000 soldiers - rescued by Navy ships as well as yachts, lifeboats, motor boats and fishing boats

CHARLES DEGUALLE A French general who set up a government-in-exile in London after the Nazis conquered France Committed all of his energy to reconquering France and used the radio to call on the people of France to join him in resisting the Nazis

WINSTON CHURCHILL New British Prime Minister Declared that the nation would never give in, even after the Nazis took control of France Powerful speaker

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN After defeating France, the Nazis turned their attention on Great Britain Attacked Britain from air: Summer 1940 – Spring 1941 Hitler’s forces greatly outnumbered the British RAF (Royal Air Force), BUT the British were able to break German codes and resist German advances LESSON: Hitler can be stopped! Hitler called off the attacks in May 1941

LUFTWAFFE Germany’s Air Force Fought in the Battle of Britain

ERWIN ROMMEL Commander of the German tank force in Africa, the “Afrika Korps” Sent by Hitler to help the Italians in North Africa after they had been defeated by the British Nicknamed the “Desert fox” for his successes in North Africa

OPERATION BARBAROSSA Hitler’s plan to break the nonaggression pact and invade the Soviet Union Germans used the element of surprise to push Soviet forces back 500 miles into the country Soviets fought back by using the scorched-earth policy Germans lost 500,000 men to the Soviet winter

ATLANTIC CHARTER A declaration of the principles and goals that Churchill and Roosevelt had for the free world Upheld free trade among nations and the right of people to choose their own government