8 th Grade FACS8-FNW1: Students will apply principles of food science, food technology, and nutrition and their relationships to growth, development, health, and wellness to support informed decision-making that promotes good health.

  Nutrition is the study of nutrients and how the body uses them.  Nutrients: a basic component of food that nourishes the body What is nutrition?

  The six nutrients include:  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Fats  Vitamins  Minerals  Water What are the six nutrients?

  The body’s main source of energy.  What foods contain carbohydrates?  Cereals, pasta, fruits, vegetables, and many more!  There are two types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. Carbohydrates

  Simple carbohydrates are quick energy sources  Usually found in sugars  The types of sugars include:  Sucrose : also known as table sugar  Fructose : occurs in fruits  Glucose : sometimes known as blood sugar  Maltose : found in grains  Lactose : commonly known as milk sugar Simple Carbohydrates

  Complex carbohydrates are considered more healthy than simple carbohydrates  The two types of complex carbohydrates are starch and fiber.  Starch: supplies the body with long, sustained energy  Dietary fiber: does not break down completely in the body = essential for regulating the body Complex Carbohydrates

  Proteins have multiple functions:  Build and repair body tissue  Maintain cell growth  Provides energy  Proteins are made up of amino acids (there are 9 essential amino acids)  What foods contain proteins?  Animal sources are the best sources of protein Proteins

  Complete proteins have all 9 essential amino acids.  Mainly found in animal sources (meat, milk, eggs, etc.)  Incomplete proteins do not have all 9 essential amino acids  Found in nuts, beans, peas, etc.  Must be paired with another incomplete protein (or complete protein) in order to get the 9 essential amino acids Complete vs. Incomplete Proteins

  Fats also provide the body with energy.  Too much fat can result in weight gain.  Fats have double the amount of calories than carbohydrates and proteins Fats

  Vitamins have many different functions. Their roles are very specific, and one cannot substitute for another.  Some functions: helps blood to clot, helps build strong bones, keeps skin and hair healthy etc.  Your body requires a variety of vitamins each day.  Each vitamin regulates a different process and has a different job.  Vitamins are separated into two groups: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Vitamins

  Fat-soluble vitamins: absorbed and stored in fat  Vitamins A, D, E and K  Water-soluble vitamins: dissolved in water and transported throughout the body  All other vitamins Vitamins

  Vitamin A- Helps keep skin and hair healthy; aids night vision; builds strong bones and teeth.  Found in: dark green, leafy vegetables, deep yellow and orange fruits and vegetables ( carrots, sweet potatoes, apricots)  Vitamin D- Helps build strong bones and teeth; helps body use calcium and phosphorous.  Found in: Milk and Vitamin D, egg yolk, salmon, liver Vitamins

  Vitamin E- Helps red blood cells, muscles, and other tissues.  Found in: whole grain bread and cereals; dark green, leafy vegetables; dry beans and peas; nuts and seeds; vegetable oils, margarine; liver.  Vitamin K- Helps blood to clot  Found in: Dark green, leafy vegetables; cabbage. Vitamins

  Just like vitamins, minerals help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy.  The body uses minerals to perform many different functions — from building strong bones to transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are even used to make hormones or maintain a normal heartbeat. Minerals

  Calcium- is a very important mineral for teens because it helps teens develop strong bones and teeth.  Calcium also helps the heart, muscles, and nerves to work properly, and for blood to clot.  It’s important that you get enough calcium now so that your bones remain strong.  Drinking and eating dairy products is a good way to get the right amount of calcium. Minerals

  Iron- Helps red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body; helps cells use oxygen.  Iron is found in red meat, egg yolk, nuts, whole-grain enriched breads and cereals. Minerals

  Two types:  Macrominerals: calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iodine  Trace minerals: iron, zinc, fluorine and copper Minerals

  Water is the most important of all of the 6 essential nutrients. It helps regulate body functions and carry other nutrients to your cells.  Water also helps carry waste from your body.  You should drink 8, 8oz. of water each day.  Human life cannot be sustained without water. Water

  Nutrient density is the amount of nutrients in a food item in relation to the number of calories.  Which one is more nutrient dense? Nutrient Density

  Which food is more nutrient dense? Nutrient Density

 How about these?

  Calories are units of measuring energy.  Calories are used to measure both the energy you get from food and the energy you use when you are active.  If you take in more calories than you need, you’ll gain weight.  If you take in fewer calories than you need, you’ll lose weight. Calories