Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Schematics of free-standing modules (black) with stationary consideration of front-sided (a) and rear-sided (b) flow and corresponding positive (light gray) and negative (dark gray) pressure distribution, according to Ref. 2. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Schematic of the wind tunnel with a view from the side (a) and from above (b), according to Ref. 10, and sample table with a view into the nozzle of the wind tunnel (c). Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Sketch of the basic kinematics. Out-of-plane displacements at time of maximum deformation of the first three Eigenmode shapes for one dimension determined by a numerical analytical modal analysis (AMA) of a module-laminate. The laser distance sensors were positioned in ½ and ¼ module height to measure the first three Eigenmode shapes in the experiment. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Visualized stall by a trail of smoke over- (a), under- (c), and lateral- (b) front side flow at a PV module. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured displacement in time domain (a) and amplitude spectral density U (b) of the vibrations (frequency domain) in the center of the module at α=30 deg and β=30 deg resulting from a wind velocity of 130 km/h in the wind tunnel. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Grayscale-encoded average displacement in the middle of the module in 0.25-mm steps (a), averaged static pressure in 50-Pa steps (b), and the corresponding pressure coefficient in steps of 0.1 (c) at 50 (left), 90 (middle), and 130 km/h (right) wind velocity as function of the inclination angle α and the azimuth angle β. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Grayscale-encoded maximum amplitude in 0.03-mm steps (a), and frequency fmain in 1-Hz steps (b) from the measurement in the center of the module at 50 (left), 90 (middle), and 130 km/h (right) wind velocity as function of the inclination angle α and the azimuth angle β. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Distribution density functions with h0 (absolute number of occurrences) of all measurement points (104 per velocity) of the three analyzed wind velocities depending on the frequencies fmain in the middle of the module in 0.5-Hz bins. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Grayscale-encoded root mean square acceleration of the measurement point in the center of the module at (a) 50, (b) 90, and (c) 130 km/h wind velocity as function of the inclination angle α and the azimuth angle β. The contour levels are 0.25-m/s2 steps. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Electroluminescence pictures of the analyzed PV module (a) before, and (b) after the wind tunnel investigations at the current of IMPP and the numerical difference of the gray-values of both pictures (c). Areas with decreased electroluminescence intensity are darker. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Distribution density functions of the grayscales in 256 steps of the electroluminescence pictures shown in Fig. 10. The ordinate shows the absolute number of occurrences h0 of the pixel distribution. Zero is black, 255 is white. Figure Legend: From: Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of photovoltaic modules at defined inflow conditions J. Photon. Energy. 2012;2(1): doi: /1.JPE