Formation of crude oil

More mud Even more mud And more mud pressure mud

 As sea plants and animals died,  They were immediately covered by sediment in seas or swamps.  This stopped them decaying aerobically.  Further layers of sediment buried the remains deeper and deeper underground  After millions of years  Pressure and heat, these remains turned into coal, oil and natural gas.

Oil formation

A crash stop maneuver (from 'full ahead' to 'full reverse') can stop a fully loaded supertanker within approximately three kilometres, which takes about 14 minutes. The turning diameter is almost two kilometres. (These values vary according to ship size and weight, of course). Main Characteristics: Length 333 m Width 56 m Depth 32 m Weight 301,860 tonnes Speed fully loaded: 14 mph

Separation of crude oil into more useful compounds

Mixture 400 o C 300 o C 200 o C 100 o C 50 o C 10 o C 70 o C 150 o C 250 o C 360 o C Boiling Points

Fractional distillation Gasoline Bitumen

Name Number of Carbon Atoms Boiling Point (°C) Uses Refinery Gas3 or 4below 30 Bottled Gas (propane or butane). Gasoline 7 to 9100 to 150 Fuel for car engines. Naphtha6 to 1170 to 200 Solvents and used in petrol. Kerosene (paraffin)11 to to 300 Fuel for aircraft and stoves. Diesel Oil11 to to 300 Fuel for road vehicles and trains. Lubricating Oil18 to to 400 Lubricant for engines and machines. Fuel Oil20 to to 450 Fuel for ships and heating. Greases and Wax25 to to 500 Lubricants and candles. Bitumenabove 35above 500 Road surface and roofing