Multiple Alleles and Co dominance

Multiple Alleles Definition: Genes that have more than 2 alleles Example: ABO blood groups

A person can have blood type O, A, B, or AB Type O Type A Type B Type AB ii I A I A I B I B I A I B I A i I B i

Co dominance Both alleles are expressed in their dominant form in heterozygous individuals Ex: I A I B

Practice Problems for Multiple Alleles A heterozygous woman with blood type A is married to a man with blood type O. What are all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?

Practice Problem for Multiple Alleles A homozygous male with blood type B has a baby with a woman with blood type AB. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their child?

Practice Problems for Multiple Alleles A heterozygous female with type B blood has a baby with a heterozygous male with type A blood. What are all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?

Practice Problem for Multiple Alleles Maria has type O blood and her sister has type AB blood. What are the genotypes of the girls' parents?

Practice Problem for Multiple Alleles In a particular family, one parent has Type A blood, the other has Type B blood. They have four children. One has Type A, one has Type B, one has Type AB, and the last has Type O. What are the genotypes of all six people in this family?

Antigen Location: On top of the red blood cell Definition: Activates antibodies to cause an immune response

Antigens Blood Type A → Blood Type B → Blood Type AB → Blood Type O → A antigen B antigen A antigen and B antigen NO ANTIGENS

Antibodies Definition: Proteins in the body that kill invaders Activated by Antigens

Antibodies Blood Type A → Blood Type B → Blood Type AB → Blood Type O → Anti - B Anti - A NONE Anti - A and Anti - B

Rh "Rhesus Monkey" Rh factor determines if a person's blood is positive or negative Rh+ = has the Rh antigen Rh- = DOES NOT have the Rh antigen

Universal Donor O -

Universal Recipient AB+

ABO Blood Groups b_XQ