Unit 3b: Culture Global Religions and Power Subjugation Kailyn Deitz, Lyndsey Newport, Holly Zoeller

Religion Religion- system of beliefs and practices that attempt to order your life in terms of your cultural priorities Branch- large division within a religion Denomination- division within a branch of a religion Oldest religion: Zoroastrian

Hinduism: –Hearth: no hearth –Founder: no founder –Monotheistic –Characteristics: oldest religion, varies from regions, prayer three times a day –Ethnic Monotheistic- belief in one god Polytheistic- belief in multiple gods Animistic- belief that inanimate objects posses souls and can help human efforts on Earth Interfaith boundaries- boundaries between the world’s MANY faiths Intrafaith boundaries- boundaries within a SINGLE MAJOR of faith Major Religions

Islam: –Hearth: Mecca, Islam –Founder: Muhammad –Monotheistic –Characteristics: five pillars, no original sin, prayer 5 times a day, kosher laws –Universal Buddhism: –Hearth: Northern India –Founder: Siddhartha Guatama –Monotheistic –Characteristics: karma, 5 elements, wisdom is ultimate goal –Universal

Daoism: –Hearth: China –Founder: Laozi –Polytheistic –Characteristics: believe in the Dao, borrow gods from other religions, yin and yang –Ethnic Judaism: –Hearth: Fertile Crescent –Founder: Abraham –Monotheistic –Characteristics: worship in synagogues, have spiritual leaders, many branches –Ethnic

Fundamentalism / Extremism Religious Fundamentalism- group holds its beliefs as nonnegotiable and uncompromising Religious Extremism- fundamentalism carried to the point of violence Example: –Afghanistan Taliban: fundamentalist government supporting Islamic Fundamentalism Al Qaeda: a terror network of religious extremism –Osama Bin Laden

Yugoslavian Conflict Serbs: Eastern Orthodox, resent Muslims for taking over homeland Croats: Roman Catholic, conspired with Nazi’s to commit genocide against Serbs Muslims: converted Serbs to Islam throughout Yugoslavia Marshal Tito: ruled diverse Yugoslavia, wanted to unite them under one because of intolerance Slobodan Milosevic: communist leader, advocating Serbian nationalism

Continued Communism fell through in 1980s, groups began to secede and became independent nations of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Milosevic used force to keep them together, but ended up turning against each other In early 1990’s, Croats and Muslims allied against Serbs after they succeeded Serbs used ethnic cleansing to eradicate Bosnia-Herzogovina was partitioned into 2 different republics for each group

Conflict: Israel / Palestine Israel: country fought over between Jews and Palestinians Before called Palestine –Jews lived in this land between 1900 and 1000 BCE –Forced out for fear of persecution Arabians lived for centuries in Palestine starting in 600 CE Jews migrated back to Palestine because of massacres Jews outnumbered Palestinians, making Arabs angry, so they tried to “reclaim” land

Arabs agreed to help British fight in WWI if they would help them reclaim Palestine –They lied and divided the land between both groups –Also publicly announced they would support creation of homeland for Jews and Palestinians After Holocaust, UN said it would be divided and Israel would be created for Jewish homeland Israel became a country in 1948 –The day after, they were attacked by Arabian countries –With help from U.S. they remain a country

Subjugation of Women Middle East: –Subjugated by men –Forced to stay in homes –No rights –Bring money, but not recognized –Not allowed education –Cannot leave without a burka or male escort