AP World History Unit 1 Vocabulary #2

Unit One: Foundations (8000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.) 1.Polis 2.Sati 3.Silk Roads 4.Stoicism 5.Twelve Tables 6.Untouchables 7.Varna 8.Vedas 9.Zoroastrianism 10.Analects 11.Animism 12.Brahmin 13.Covenant 14.Dharma 15.Diaspora 16.Disciple 17.Edict of Milan 18.Filial piety 19.Karma 20.Messiah 21.Moksha 22.Monotheism 23.New Testament 24.Nirvana 25.Pope 26.Phoenicians 27.Reincarnation 28.Ten Commandments 29.Theocracy 30.Torah 31.Yahweh 32.Yin and yang 33.Huns 34.Latifundia

Moksha In Hindu belief, the spirit’s liberation from the cycle of reincarnation In Hindu belief, the spirit’s liberation from the cycle of reincarnation

Yahweh Jehovah, the god of the Jews Jehovah, the god of the Jews

Sati The custom of higher castes of Hinduism of a widow throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband The custom of higher castes of Hinduism of a widow throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband

Filial Piety In China, respect for one’s parents and other elders In China, respect for one’s parents and other elders

Covenant Agreement; in the Judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind Agreement; in the Judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind

Polis A Greek city-state A Greek city-state

Karma In Hindu tradition, the good or evil deeds done by a person In Hindu tradition, the good or evil deeds done by a person

Analects Also known as the Analects of Confucius, are a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions they held Also known as the Analects of Confucius, are a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions they held

Latifundia Large landholdings in the Roman Empire Large landholdings in the Roman Empire

Animism The belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature The belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature

Brahmin A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society

Dharma In Hinduism, the doctrine of the religious and moral rights and duties of each individual; it generally refers to religious duty, but may also mean social order, right conduct, or simply virtue. In Hinduism, the doctrine of the religious and moral rights and duties of each individual; it generally refers to religious duty, but may also mean social order, right conduct, or simply virtue.

Diaspora The exile of an ethnic or racial group from their homeland The exile of an ethnic or racial group from their homeland

Corvée System System in which governments required subjects, usually peasants, to provide labor as a payment of tax. A specified number of labor days had to be offered to the state as an obligatory taxation.

Edict of Milan A document that made Christianity one of the religions allowed in the Roman Empire A document that made Christianity one of the religions allowed in the Roman Empire

Huns Nomadic and pastoral people that originated in N central Asia and appeared and built up an empire in Europe in the 4th century A.D.; contributed to the decline of the Gupta Empire in India, the Han Dynasty in China, and the Roman Empire.

Phoenicians Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean (modern day Lebanon); established colonies throughout the Mediterranean (Carthage); devised a simplified alphabet of 22 letters Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean (modern day Lebanon); established colonies throughout the Mediterranean (Carthage); devised a simplified alphabet of 22 letters

Messiah (Heb. ‘anointed’) Savior or redeemer. Specifically, the Messiah was the descendant of King David expected by the Jews of ancient times to become their king, free them from foreign bondage, and rule over them in a golden age of glory, peace, and righteousness. (Heb. ‘anointed’) Savior or redeemer. Specifically, the Messiah was the descendant of King David expected by the Jews of ancient times to become their king, free them from foreign bondage, and rule over them in a golden age of glory, peace, and righteousness.

Shamanism The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia.

New Testament The portion of the Christian Bible that contains the Gospels that relate the account of the life of Jesus and also includes letters from the followers of Jesus to the early Christian churches The portion of the Christian Bible that contains the Gospels that relate the account of the life of Jesus and also includes letters from the followers of Jesus to the early Christian churches

Nirvana In Buddhism, a state of perfect peace that is the goal of reincarnation In Buddhism, a state of perfect peace that is the goal of reincarnation

Reincarnation Rebirth; a belief of both Buddhism and Hinduism Rebirth; a belief of both Buddhism and Hinduism

Silk Road Caravan routes and sea lanes between China and the Middle East Caravan routes and sea lanes between China and the Middle East

Stoicism The most popular Hellenistic philosophy; it involved strict discipline and an emphasis on helping others The most popular Hellenistic philosophy; it involved strict discipline and an emphasis on helping others

Twelve Tables The codification of Roman law during the republic The codification of Roman law during the republic

Moche Andean civilization that flourished from the 1st to the 8th century C.E. on the northern coast of what is now Peru. Their settlements extended along the hot, arid coast of northern Peru from the Lambayeque River valley south to the Nepeña River valley.

Theocracy A government ruled by the church A government ruled by the church

Torah The first five books of the Jewish scripture The first five books of the Jewish scripture

Untouchables The social division in Hindu society that fell in rank below the caste system; it was occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations such as undertaking, butchering, and waste collection The social division in Hindu society that fell in rank below the caste system; it was occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations such as undertaking, butchering, and waste collection

Qanāt System Ancient type of water-supply system, developed in arid regions of the world. The system taps underground mountain water sources trapped in and beneath the upper reaches of alluvial fans and channels the water downhill through a series of gently sloping tunnels, often several kilometers long, to the places where it is needed for irrigation and domestic use.

Vedas Ancient and most sacred writings of Hinduism. They consist of series of hymns and formulaic chants that constituted a Hindu liturgy (rituals). Ancient and most sacred writings of Hinduism. They consist of series of hymns and formulaic chants that constituted a Hindu liturgy (rituals).

Yin and Yang In ancient Chinese belief, the opposing forces that begin balance to nature and life In ancient Chinese belief, the opposing forces that begin balance to nature and life

Zoroastrianism An ancient Persian religion that emphasized a struggle between good and evil and rewards in the afterlife for those who chose to follow a good life An ancient Persian religion that emphasized a struggle between good and evil and rewards in the afterlife for those who chose to follow a good life

Xiongnu Nomadic pastoral people who at the end of the 3rd century B.C. formed a great tribal league that was able to dominate much of Central Asia for more than 500 years. China’s wars against the Xiongnu, who were a constant threat to the country’s northern frontier throughout this period, led to the Chinese exploration and conquest of much of Central Asia.

Yoke A bar or frame that is attached to the heads or necks of two work animals (such as oxen) so that they can pull a plow or heavy load.