Reconstruction the period of rebuilding the South and restoring the Southern states to the Union after the Civil War

Andrew Johnson Became 17 th President when Lincoln was killed Favored a generous plan to re-admit Southern states Personally pardoned over 13,000 former Confederates

Believed that the main goal of Reconstruction should be the total restructuring of society to guarantee black people true equality Opposed Lincoln’s plan and Johnson’s plan Radical Republicans

Freedman’s Bureau Created by Congress in 1865 Gave out clothing, food, and medical supplies to war refugees Educated more than 250,000 freed slaves

Black Codes Laws in Southern states that restricted the rights of freedmen –Curfews (in doors by sunset) –Vagrancy laws (fined or whipped for not working) –Labor contracts (must sign and work for a year or lose all wages) –Land restrictions (could not rent or own house in town)

13 th Amendment Abolishes slavery Abolishes slavery

14 th Amendment Defines citizenship to include African Americans Defines citizenship to include African Americans Guarantees equal protection under the law for all citizens Guarantees equal protection under the law for all citizens

15 th Amendment Citizens can not be denied the right to vote based on race, religion, color, or previous condition of servitude Citizens can not be denied the right to vote based on race, religion, color, or previous condition of servitude

Reconstruction Act of 1867 Passed by Radical Republicans in Congress Put the South under military rule Ordered states to create new constitutions All states had to allow black males to vote Required southern states to ratify 14 th Amendment and to guarantee equal rights to all citizens

Johnson’s Impeachment Johnson opposed equal rights for African Americans He fired his Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, who was a friend of the Radicals May 1868, Johnson was acquitted in the Senate by only one vote

Carpetbaggers  Northern Republicans who moved to the South during Reconstruction  Sometimes carried cheap suitcases made of carpet  Insulting nickname used by Southerners who resented Northerners coming to make a profit

Scalawags Insulting name used by Southerners to refer to southern white Republicans whom they thought were traitors to the South

Sharecropping Workers farmed for a share of the crop. Workers farmed for a share of the crop. Many had to pay a planter for housing or food which usually left them in debt Many had to pay a planter for housing or food which usually left them in debt

Tenant farming Workers rented land and grew and sold their own crops Workers rented land and grew and sold their own crops They had a higher social status than sharecroppers and could sometimes save enough money to buy their own land They had a higher social status than sharecroppers and could sometimes save enough money to buy their own land

Ku Klux Klan A secret society of former Confederate leaders and plantation owners whose goal was to keep African Americans from gaining equality with whites through terror and violence

Solid South Political changes after 1872 Political changes after 1872 Ex-Confederates and other white Southern Democrats form a political force which blocks Republican Reconstruction policies and reforms Ex-Confederates and other white Southern Democrats form a political force which blocks Republican Reconstruction policies and reforms Marks the end of Republican control of the South Marks the end of Republican control of the South

Compromise of 1877  The election of 1876 was nearly a tie in the popular and electoral votes  Southern Democrats agreed to give the election to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes if he agreed to  remove all remaining federal troops from the South  give huge amounts of federal funding to build southern railroads