Animal Transport System

Blood The bodies transport system The bodies transport system No body functions could be provided without the blood. No body functions could be provided without the blood. 5 liters of blood in body, takes approx. one minute to make circuit. 5 liters of blood in body, takes approx. one minute to make circuit. Blood is divided into plasma liquid portion of blood and formed elements(blood cells) Blood is divided into plasma liquid portion of blood and formed elements(blood cells)

Blood Cells Red blood cells (erythrocytes): formed in bone marrow, composed mainly of hemoglobin- has an affinity for oxygen, transports oxygen. Red blood cells (erythrocytes): formed in bone marrow, composed mainly of hemoglobin- has an affinity for oxygen, transports oxygen. White blood cells (leukocytes): defense system in blood. White blood cells (leukocytes): defense system in blood. Platelets: important in clotting. Platelets: important in clotting.

Disorders of blood Anemia – deficiency of normal hemoglobin in blood. Anemia – deficiency of normal hemoglobin in blood. Decrease number of erythrocytes. Decrease number of erythrocytes. Reduces ability of blood to transport oxygen. Reduces ability of blood to transport oxygen. Sickle Cell Anemia causes RBC to take a half moon shape. Sickle Cell Anemia causes RBC to take a half moon shape. Plugs up arteries and veins. Plugs up arteries and veins. Immune to malaria. Immune to malaria.

Disorders of blood Hemophilia – genetic disorder where blood clotting is abnormal or absent. Hemophilia – genetic disorder where blood clotting is abnormal or absent. Leukemia – type of cancer in which abnormal production of one or more of the WBC types occur, these people are very susceptible to disease and infection. Leukemia – type of cancer in which abnormal production of one or more of the WBC types occur, these people are very susceptible to disease and infection.

Vocab. Anticoagulant: chemical that prevents in blood clotting. Anticoagulant: chemical that prevents in blood clotting. Fibrin/Myosil: threadlike protein fibers, forms clots or a network of fibers that trap blood cells, which stops bleeding. Fibrin/Myosil: threadlike protein fibers, forms clots or a network of fibers that trap blood cells, which stops bleeding. Thrombus: clot within the cardiovascular system. Thrombus: clot within the cardiovascular system. Embolus: detached clot or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel. Embolus: detached clot or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel. Stroke: lack of blood to brain. Stroke: lack of blood to brain. Heart Attack: lack of blood to heart. Heart Attack: lack of blood to heart.

Blood Types There are four different types of blood: There are four different types of blood: - A, rejects B blood and AB. - B, rejects A blood and AB. - AB, universal acceptor. - O, universal donor.

Erythroblastosis Fetalis Rh+ : if you have certain Rh antigens on surface of RBC. Rh+ : if you have certain Rh antigens on surface of RBC. Rh- : if you do not have Rh antigens. Rh- : if you do not have Rh antigens. Antibodies against the Rh antigen do not develop unless a Rh- person is exposed to Rh+ blood. Occurs by transfusion or transfer of blood across placenta to a mother from her fetus. Antibodies against the Rh antigen do not develop unless a Rh- person is exposed to Rh+ blood. Occurs by transfusion or transfer of blood across placenta to a mother from her fetus.

Erythroblastosis Fetalis Rh incompatibility can pose major problem in some pregnancies if mother is Rh- and fetus is Rh+ Rh incompatibility can pose major problem in some pregnancies if mother is Rh- and fetus is Rh+ If blood leaks through placenta and mixes with mothers blood, mother becomes sensitized to the Rh antigen(builds up antibodies) If blood leaks through placenta and mixes with mothers blood, mother becomes sensitized to the Rh antigen(builds up antibodies) Mother produces the Rh antibodies that cross placenta and cause clumping of cells(agglutination) causing EF. Mother produces the Rh antibodies that cross placenta and cause clumping of cells(agglutination) causing EF. Can be fatal to fetus. Can be fatal to fetus. Usually first pregnancy is not a problem, because tears usually occur at delivery, allowing transfer of blood and mother to become sensitized. Usually first pregnancy is not a problem, because tears usually occur at delivery, allowing transfer of blood and mother to become sensitized. Future pregnancies are the problem. Future pregnancies are the problem.