A TRAINING SEMINAR ON PLCC AT Presented to :- Mr. MANISH SINGHAL Mr. ANSHUL GOYAL Presented by: AJAY GUPTA IV year, EC - A 1

STAGE 1 COMPANY PROFILE MAIN FUNCTION ABOUT THE COMPANY CONTACT INFO. STAGE 2 WORK OF A SUB STATION PLCC BASICS PLCC COMPONENTS APPLICATIONS OF PLCC AD/DISADVANTAGES OF PLCC INDEX 2

STAGE 1 3

RAJASTHAN RAJYA VIDYUT PRASARAN NIGAM LIMITED COMPANY PROFILE Established on: 19 July, 2000 Established by: Govt. of Rajasthan Function is: Provide the pathway for power within whole of Rajasthan 4

5

Sh.Shailendra Agarwal, IAS, Chairman &MD RVPN is "An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company“ Installed capacity: MW (Hydro, Thermal, etc.) Turnover: Rs. 67,70,09,37,349 (Until march 2010) 6

Corporate Office Vidyut Bhawan, Janpath Jaipur Rajasthan, INDIA. Telephone No Website: CONTACT INFORMATION 7

STAGE 2 2 8

WHAT IS THE WORK OF A SUBSTATION: 9

RRVPNL gets power from following stations:- 1.Badarpur Thermal Power Station Delhi 2.Bhakara Nangl Project (at satlaj in Punjab) 3.Gandhi Sagar Dam Kota 4.Jawahar Dam Kota 5.Rana Pratap Sagar Dam Kota 6.Rajasthan Atomic Power Plant (RAPP) Kota 7.Kota Super Thermal Power Station (KSTPS) Kota 8.Anta Gas Power Plant Anta 9.Rajasthan share in Bhakara Beas Management Board (BBMB) 10

TYPES OF SUB STATIONS: 1. Step up sub station 2. Primary grid sub station 3. Secondary sub station 4. Distribution sub station 5. Bulk supply sub station 11

Power line act as the transmission line for the communication signals. The audio frequency is carried by a Carrier frequency. Modulation used is Amplitude modulation (SSB). PLCC is used for interconnecting PBX’s (Private Branch Exchange). The carrier frequency range is allocated to include the audio signal, protection and the pilot frequency. PLCC (POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION) 12

1. GENERAL PLCC Carrier frequency range 40 to 512 KHZ Gross Channel band width 4 KHZ 2. TRANSMITTER Peak envelope power 25W Side band power 15 W I.F. Carrier frequency 16 KHZ 3. POWER SUPPLY DC supply 49 TO 60 (-10/+25%), 180W 4. CABLE ATTENUATION Permitted 32 dB maximum (Planning value 26 Db) PLCC SPECIFICATIONS: 13

RF carrier (40-500kHz ) Power Line (50Hz) LT CC PLCC TERMINAL PLCC (POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION) 14

PLCC COMPONENTS: HV Line Substation Power energy PLC Signal LINE TRAP: It is connected in series with the power (transmission)line. It blocks the high frequency carrier waves(24 KHz to 500 KHz) and let power waves (50 Hz in India) to pass through. 15

COUPLING CAPACITOR: It allows the carrier wave to pass through and stops the power wave. 16

LINE MATCHING UNIT (COUPLING DEVICE) : LMU serves the purpose of connecting the Audio/Radio frequency signals to transmission line and protection of the PLCC unit from the over- voltages caused due to transients on power system. COMPONENTS: 1.Balancing transformer 2.Matching transformer 3.Coupling filter 4.Drain coil 5.Lightning arrester 6.Earth switch 17

1.COUPLING FILTER: Ensured optimum tuning of frequency 2.BALANCING TRANSFORMER: Couples output of PLCC terminals to the coupling filters. 3.MATCHING TRANSFORMER: It performs impedance matching & high voltage isolation b/w carrier equipment's & main line. 4.LIGHTNING ARRESTER: It is a non-linear resistance for protection of coupling device & carrier frequency connection against any high spike voltage. 5.EARTH SWITCH: It is used for directly earthing of coupling capacitor during maintenance. LMU COMPONENTS: 18

ST7540 POWER LINE TRANSCEIVER 19

PLCC CABINET PLCC Cabinet consists of 1.Receiver section 2.Transmitter section 3.Various measurement outlets Coupling capacitor or Line trap Tx PLC Cabinet Rx Coaxial cable 20

COUPLING MODES: 21

BATTERIES : 1.Lead acid type batteries. 2.Charged by 400 V 3-phase A.C. supply via rectifier to 2.2 Volt/Cell cells for 48 Volts. 5.Used for backup. 22

OTHER COMPONENTS AT A G.S.S. 1.CURRENT TRANSFORMER( 800 amps to 1 amp) 2.POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER 3.ISOLATOR 4.CIRCUIT BREAKER 5.EARTH SWITCH 6.BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT 23

APPLICATIONS OF PLCC: 1.Internet access (broadband over power lines (BPL)) 2.Voice communication 3.Transmitting radio programs 4.Automatic meter reading(AMR) 5.Hotline between 2 substations 6.Monitoring through surveillance cameras on streets. 24

ADVANTAGES OF PLCC 1.Higher mechanical strength of power lines 2.The carrier signals suffer less attenuation, owing to large cross sectional area of power line. 3.Large spacing also reduces the cross talk to a certain extent. 4.The construction of a separate communication line is avoided.(Use of existing power lines) 5.Power lines are well insulated to provide negligible leakage between conductors and ground even in adverse weather conditions. The best parts 25

DISADVANTAGES OF PLCC 1.Noise introduced by power line is far more than in the case of communication line. 2.Devices such as relays, transistors, and rectifiers create noise in their respective systems, increasing signal degradation. 3.Unpredictable level of channel noise 4.Limited bandwidth 5.Reflections are produced on spur lines connected to high voltage lines. This increases attenuation and create other problems. 6.High voltage lines have transformer connections, which attenuate carrier currents. But nothing is perfect 26

THANK YOU QUERIES