Chemistry of Life

The universe is composed of either _______ or _______. matterenergy

mass space rocks soil water bear air trees Matter is anything that has _______ and takes up ________. What are some examples of matter?

All matter is made up of ________.atoms An atom is the smallest unit of matter.

Although there is a huge variety of matter on earth, all matter is composed of atoms, and all atoms share the same basic structure.

Atoms consist of three types of smaller particles: _______________ are positively charged ( ) _______________ are neutral (no charge, ) _______________ are negatively charged ( ) electrons neutrons protons protons neutrons electrons +1 0

What is the charge of a proton? _____ What is the charge of a electron? _____ What is the charge of a neutron? _____ +1 0

nucleus The area in the center of the atom is called the ________ and it contains ________ and _________. nucleus protons neutrons

Are all atoms identical? ______ How does one atom differ from another atom? ____________________________ no In the number of protons and electrons

Hydrogen atomHelium atom # protons = ____ # protons = ___ # neutrons = ____ # electrons = ____ overall charge = __________ # neutrons = ____ # electrons = ____ overall charge = __________ (-1) = (-2) = 0

How many protons in this atom? _____ How many electrons in this atom? _____ What is the overall charge of this atom? ______________ + = 0(+3) 3 (-3) How many neutrons in this atom? _____ 3 4

Atoms are neutral when they have the same number protons as electrons. number of protonsnumber of electrons = How many protons in this atom? _____ How many electrons in this atom? _____ What is the overall charge of this atom? _____

Element Key 6 C Carbon # of protons Symbol of element Name of Element Atomic mass

An atom with 6 proton is an atom of ___________. An atom with 7 protons is an atom of __________. An atom with 8 protons is an atom of __________. An atom with 20 protons is an atom of __________. An atom with 47 protons is an atom of _________. An atom with 79 protons is an atom of _________. carbon, C nitrogen, N oxygen, O calcium, Ca silver, Ag gold, Au

Aluminum, Al Matter can be composed of an element, a compound, or a mixture. Element – a pure substance made of one type of atom, and it cannot be broken down.

Helium gas He What is helium? An element

Diamond What are diamonds composed of ? Billions of carbon atoms!!! C C C CC C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

There are 109 elements. What makes one element different from another element?

The atoms of different elements are different! A hydrogen atom A carbon atom Theirs atoms!

The atoms of differ in the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. A hydrogen atom A carbon atom How are these atoms different?

There are 109 different atoms.

There are 109 elements on Earth, but only about 25 are found in organisms.

Elements found in living organisms: Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Sulfur Chlorine Sodium Magnesium Iodine Fluorine Iron Bromine Aluminum Silicon Manganese

96% of the mass of a human is made of only 4 elements – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.

oxygen You are mostly composed of: carbon nitrogen hydrogen

Composition of the Human Body 65% oxygen 1.5% calcium 0.2% potassium 18% carbon 1.2% phosphorus 0.1% sodium 10% hydrogen 0.2% sulfur and other elements 3% nitrogen

O HH Compound - a pure substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. Most elements do not exist alone. Elements combine to form compounds.

H2OH2OH2OH2O Water is composed of __________________ and ____________________ joined by _______________ two atoms of hydrogen one atom of oxygen WATER chemical bonds. Chemical formula? Chemical bond O HH

CO 2 is composed of __________________ and ___________________ joined by _______________ two atoms of oxygen one atom of carbon CARBON DIOXIDE chemical bonds. CO 2 C O O Chemical formula? Double bonds

NH 3 Ammonia is composed of ___________________ and ______________________ joined by _______________ three atoms of hydrogen one atom of nitrogen AMMONIA chemical bonds. NH H H Chemical formula?

(sucrose) 12 atoms of carbon C 12 H 22 O 11 table sugar 22 atoms of hydrogen 11 atoms of oxygen

O HH Water, H 2 O Chemical bond The elements that make up a compound are held together by chemical bonds. A chemical bond is a force of attraction between two atoms.

There are two types of chemical bonds: Covalent bond Ionic bond

(1)Covalent bond – chemical bond between atoms in which electrons are shared. Covalent bond O H H

(2) Ionic bond – chemical bond between atoms in which electrons are transferred to other atom. Ionic bond Cl - Na +

What is an element? Only one type of atom

ELEMENT One type of atom Two atoms joined, but atoms are same Only red atoms Only blue atoms

What is a compound? Two or more different elements

COMPOUND Two or more different atoms chemically attached Two different atomsThree different atoms

Element or compound? compound element