The Progressive Era The Struggle Against Discrimination Section 3 The Struggle Against Discrimination Section 3

Objectives / Students will Analyze Progressives’ attitudes toward minority right / Students Explain why African American organized / Students Examine the strategies used by members of other minority groups to defend their rights / Students will Analyze Progressives’ attitudes toward minority right / Students Explain why African American organized / Students Examine the strategies used by members of other minority groups to defend their rights

Terms and People to Learn About / Americanization / Booker T. Washington / W. E. B. Du Bois / Niagara Movement / Americanization / Booker T. Washington / W. E. B. Du Bois / Niagara Movement / NAACP / Urban League / Anti-Defamation League / Mutualistas

Why it Matters / Prejudice and discrimination against minorities continued even as the Progressive Movement got underway.

Progressivism Presents Contradictions / Most Progressives were white Anglo- Saxon Protestant reformer who were indifferent or actively hostile to minorities.

Americanization / Immigrants were taught English, but the programs also tried to change how immigrants lived. They were advised how to dress like white middle class Americans and urged them to change their food and customs to protestant values and practices.

What was the result of Progressive attitudes towards non-whites? / Segregation became widespread and the norm

Racism Limits the Goals of Progressivism / Read this section page 229

What attitudes did most progressives hold about minorities and immigrant groups? / Most progressives were prejudice against those who were nonwhite, non-protestant, and non-middle class, and they often worked to assimilate immigrants through Americanization.

African Americans Demand Reform / Booker T. Washington’s philosophy toward racism was to move slowly toward racial progress by working hard and waiting patiently. By doing this African Americans would eventually win white American’s respect, voting, and citizenship rights. / Booker T. Washington’s philosophy toward racism was to move slowly toward racial progress by working hard and waiting patiently. By doing this African Americans would eventually win white American’s respect, voting, and citizenship rights.

African Americans Demand Reform / W. E. B. DuBois rejected this view, educated at Harvard University, urged African Americans to demand immediately all the rights guaranteed by the constitution.

Niagara Movement forms / Formed as a result of black men who were being denied the right to vote. / In the summer of 1905 leading African American thinkers met a Niagara fall because no hotel on the New York side would give them rooms. / Formed as a result of black men who were being denied the right to vote. / In the summer of 1905 leading African American thinkers met a Niagara fall because no hotel on the New York side would give them rooms.

Niagara Movement / Denounced the idea of gradual progress. / Denounced the idea of BT Washington of teaching only trade skills. / “This kind of education creates workers, but it cannot make men” / Denounced the idea of gradual progress. / Denounced the idea of BT Washington of teaching only trade skills. / “This kind of education creates workers, but it cannot make men”

Formation of the NAACP / A mob attempted to lynch two African Americans Prisoners in a Springfield, IL jail in / Organized in 1909, included white and blacks progressives who had worked in other areas of social reform / A mob attempted to lynch two African Americans Prisoners in a Springfield, IL jail in / Organized in 1909, included white and blacks progressives who had worked in other areas of social reform

Urban League / Formed in 1911 when more than 100 groups in many cities joined into a network and called it the urban league. / NAACP helped middle-class but urban league focused on poorer workers. / Formed in 1911 when more than 100 groups in many cities joined into a network and called it the urban league. / NAACP helped middle-class but urban league focused on poorer workers.

Reducing Prejudice and Protecting Rights / Anti-Defamation League – to defend Jews and others again verbal attacks and false statements and “to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike…”

Mexican Americans Organize / Forming the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) which offered Mexican American many of the same services that the urban League gave to African Americans. / Mutualist – groups that made loans and provided, legal assistance and insurance programs. / Forming the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) which offered Mexican American many of the same services that the urban League gave to African Americans. / Mutualist – groups that made loans and provided, legal assistance and insurance programs.

Native Americans Take Action Too / Progressives did little to help Native Americans / Land that was given in the Dawes Act by 1932 were now owned by whites. / Carlos Montezuma – helped establish the Society of American Indians in 1911 – See page 232 for more info. / Progressives did little to help Native Americans / Land that was given in the Dawes Act by 1932 were now owned by whites. / Carlos Montezuma – helped establish the Society of American Indians in 1911 – See page 232 for more info.

Asian Americans Fight Unfair Laws / In California in 1913 only American citizens could own land. / Japanese Americans were forced to sell their land but found away around this by putting the land in the children’s name. / Takao Ozawa – fought laws that blocked Asian Americans from becoming citizens. / In California in 1913 only American citizens could own land. / Japanese Americans were forced to sell their land but found away around this by putting the land in the children’s name. / Takao Ozawa – fought laws that blocked Asian Americans from becoming citizens.