Dr. Eng. Sulaiman. R. S. Wafi University of Palestine College of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning Architecture Department Landscape. Lecturer 02 2 end lecture -2 end week Second semester 2013

Meanings & Understandings Landscape is concerned with conceptual, scientific & design approaches to land use. It emphasises both ecological & a good place-making as well as understanding of a multi- disciplinary approach to analysing a site planning & its design.

Landscaped Areas Used to frame, soften & embellish the quality of the environment / a place. Buffer units from noise or undesirable views. Break up large expanses of parking. Separate frontage roads within the development from public streets. To achieve landscape objective, vertical elements; trees & tall shrubs, in addition to ground cover are needed providing shading & climatic cooling.

All areas not covered by structures, drives parking....etc shall be landscaped. A minimum of 15 % of the site shall be landscaped + up to 30% of outdoor area. Major landscape areas are: 1. Public areas: visible from front house including side walks, drives & front entrance. 2. Service area: less attractive garden project including garbage cans, clothes lines, compost heap, tool shed, storage shed, & etc 3. Private (living) area: central area of landscape activity. Landscape Design Standard

Used to maximize the privacy of adjacent units using shrubs of 4.5 to 5 m tall, natural levelling & appropriate distance. A minimum of 20% of trees used for screening purposes shall include 24 inch box size when installed. Used to frame views into open space areas. Landscape for Screening & Privacy

History of Landscape Architecture The history of landscape architecture is related to the history of gardening but is not coextensive: both arts are concerned with the composition of planting, landform, water, paving and other structures. However: garden design is essentially concerned with enclosed private space (parks, gardens & etc) landscape design is concerned with the design of enclosed space, as well as unenclosed space which is open to the public: such as town squares, country parks, park systems, pedestrians, open space, & etc.

History of Landscape Architecture In the 18th century, England became the focus of a new style of landscape design. such as William Kent, Humphry Repton, and in particular Lancelot 'Capability' Brown remodelled the great estate parks of the English gentry to resemble a neat and tidy version of nature. Many of these parks remain today. The term 'landscape architecture' was first used by the Scotsman Gilbert Laing Meason in the title of his book on The Landscape Architecture of the Great Painters of Italy (London, 1828): It was about the type of architecture found in landscape paintings. The term of "landscape architecture" was then taken up by JC Loudon and AJ Downing.

19 th Century - In 19th century, urban planning became more important than ever before, and it was the combination of modern planning with the tradition of landscape gardening that gave Landscape Architecture its unique focus. - In the second half of the century, Frederick Law Olmsted completed a series of parks which continue to have an impact on the practices of Landscape Architecture until today: Among these parks were Central Park in New York, Prospect Park in Brooklyn, and Boston's so called Emerald Necklace park system.

Current Development Landscape architecture continues to develop as a design discipline, and has responded to many of the movements related to design and architecture through the 20th century. Today, a healthy level of innovation continues to provide challenging approach to design for streetscapes, parks and gardens: The work of Martha Schwartz in the US, and in Europe designs such as Schouwburgplein in Rotterdam by the Dutch design group West 8 are just two particular examples.

Gardening Elements included in gardening are: Entrance area Pergola Lightening Fence/boundary Pedestrian circulation Playground for children Service area Sunny & shadowed area Watering surface (Fountain, pool, & etc)

System of Gardening Regular System

Natural System

Modern system

Thanks a lot