Intervention and Treatment: Strategies for Change Week 6 with Dr. P. Kaplan CJ411

LEVELS OF INTERVENTION IN DRUG-ABUSE PREVENTION Primary prevention Primary prevention Secondary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Tertiary prevention

THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL STRATEGY FOR TREATMENT

FIVE SUBSTANCES OF ABUSE ACCOUNT FOR 96 PERCENT OF ALL REASONS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT

DRUG TREATMENT AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM The concepts of rehabilitation and deterrence The concepts of rehabilitation and deterrence Prevention through law enforcement Prevention through law enforcement Incarceration Incarceration Prison-alternative and prison-based treatment programs Prison-alternative and prison-based treatment programs

FEDERAL PENALTIES FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING

FEDERAL PENALTIES FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING OF MARIJUANA AND RELATED DRUGS

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN THE WORKPLACE Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) Drug testing in the workplace Drug testing in the workplace Economic costs of AOD abuse Economic costs of AOD abuse Impact of drug-free workplace policies Impact of drug-free workplace policies

REHABILITATION AND THE FIVE STAGES OF CHANGE REHABILITATION AND THE FIVE STAGES OF CHANGE Precontemplation Precontemplation Contemplation Contemplation Preparation Preparation Action Action Maintenance Maintenance

THE SPIRAL MODEL OF THE STAGES OF CHANGE

FAMILY DYNAMICS AND DRUG ABUSE Stages in the family reaction: denial, anger, bargaining, feeling, acceptance Stages in the family reaction: denial, anger, bargaining, feeling, acceptance Enabling behaviors as obstacles to rehabilitation Enabling behaviors as obstacles to rehabilitation Survival roles and coping mechanisms Survival roles and coping mechanisms

COMPONENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE DRUG-ABUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM

FINDING THE BEST TREATMENT PROGRAM Inpatient versus outpatient treatment Inpatient versus outpatient treatment Pharmacological versus psychotherapy or counseling Pharmacological versus psychotherapy or counseling

FINDING THE BEST TREATMENT PROGRAM Self-help groups versus individualized treatment Self-help groups versus individualized treatment Length of treatment program Length of treatment program Aftercare in terms of half-way or recovery houses Aftercare in terms of half-way or recovery houses

WHERE ANYONE CAN GO FOR HELP Yellow pages of the telephone book, under “Alcoholism Information” or “Drug Abuse and Addiction Information” Yellow pages of the telephone book, under “Alcoholism Information” or “Drug Abuse and Addiction Information” National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), accessed through its web site at National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), accessed through its web site at

INTERNET SOURCES FOR INFORMATION ABOUT TREATMENT OPTIONS for the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information for the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

DISPARITY BETWEEN TREATMENT NEEDED AND TREATMENT RECEIVED IN THE U.S.

RELATIVE INCIDENCE OF DEATHS ASSOCIATED WITH ATOD USE

PREVENTION APPROACHES THAT HAVE FAILED Reducing the availability of drugs Reducing the availability of drugs Punitive measures Punitive measures Scare tactics and negative education Scare tactics and negative education Objective information approaches Objective information approaches Magic bullets and promotional campaigns Magic bullets and promotional campaigns Self-esteem enhancement and affective education Self-esteem enhancement and affective education

COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE PREVENTION PROGRAMS Peer-refusal skills Peer-refusal skills Anxiety and stress reduction Anxiety and stress reduction Social skills and personal decision-making Social skills and personal decision-making

COMPONENTS OF THE LIFE SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAM Cognitive component Cognitive component Decision-making component Decision-making component Stress-reduction component Stress-reduction component Social skills component Social skills component Self-directed behavior change component Self-directed behavior change component

A SAMPLE HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT FROM THE LIFE SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAM

PEER-REFUSAL SKILLS Making it simple, keeping refusal direct and to the point Making it simple, keeping refusal direct and to the point Having something else to do Having something else to do Walking away Walking away Avoiding the situation Avoiding the situation Changing the subject Changing the subject Hanging out with friends who aren’t ATOD users Hanging out with friends who aren’t ATOD users Refusing to continue discussing it Refusing to continue discussing it

COMPONENTS OF A COMMUNITY- BASED PREVENTION PROGRAM Alternative-behavior programming Alternative-behavior programming Participation of multiple social institutions Participation of multiple social institutions Effective use of positive impactors Effective use of positive impactors Effective use of the mass media Effective use of the mass media Sensitivity to the family dynamics of ATOD abuse Sensitivity to the family dynamics of ATOD abuse

ALTERNATIVE BEHAVIORS TO DRUG USE

FAMILY SYSTEMS IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION

PARENTS AND GUARDIANS IN ATOD PREVENTION As role models As role models As educators or resources of information As educators or resources of information As family policymakers and rule setters As family policymakers and rule setters As stimulators of enjoyable family activities As stimulators of enjoyable family activities As consultants against peer pressure As consultants against peer pressure

THE TRIPLE THREAT IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE Degree of stress teenagers feel they are under Degree of stress teenagers feel they are under Frequency with which they are bored Frequency with which they are bored Amount of money they have to spend in a typical week Amount of money they have to spend in a typical week

TRIPLE-THREAT WORST-CASE SCENARIO FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE High level of stress High level of stress Frequently bored Frequently bored Having $25 dollars or more spending money per week Having $25 dollars or more spending money per week

MULTICULTURAL ISSUES IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION Prevention approaches among Latino groups Prevention approaches among Latino groups Prevention approaches among African American groups Prevention approaches among African American groups

PREVENTION APPROACHES ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES Development of a multifaceted program, involving students, faculty, and administrators Development of a multifaceted program, involving students, faculty, and administrators Incorporation of alcohol and other drug (ATOD) education into the college curriculum Incorporation of alcohol and other drug (ATOD) education into the college curriculum Providing environments that lessen the pressures to engage in ATOD use Providing environments that lessen the pressures to engage in ATOD use

“ALCOHOL 101” PROGRAMS AlcoholEdu --- a web-based online course AlcoholEdu --- a web-based online course AlcoholEdu for Sanctions --- an intervention program for students who have violated academic policies on alcohol use AlcoholEdu for Sanctions --- an intervention program for students who have violated academic policies on alcohol use

Questions?