Volatile oils and Resins PH

2 2 Recap Volatile oils Examples of Volatile oils Uses In the last class, we have discussed about

PH Volatile oils and their Classification Resins and their Classification On completion of this period, you would be able to know Objectives

PH Type Examples Alcohol volatile oils Peppermint Aldehyde volatile oils Cinnamon Ester volatile oilsGaultheria Hydrocarbon volatile oils Turpentine Ketone volatile oils Caraway Oxide volatile oilsChenopodium Phenolic ether volatile oils Anise Phenol volatile oils Clove

PH Volatile oils Terpenoids present Caraway oil Carvone and Limonene Citronella oil Geraniol, Citronellal Eucalyptus oil Cineole Geranium oil Geraniol Peppermint oil Menthol Ginger oil Zingiberone Fennel oil Anethole Sandalwood oil Santalol Clove oil Eugenol

PH Classification of Terpenoids Name of Terpenoid Molecular formula Hemoterpene or isoprene C 5 H 8 Monoterpenes or terpenes C 10 H 16 Sesquiterpenes C 15 H 24 Diterpenes C 20 H 32 Triterpenes C 30 H 48 Tetraterpenes C 40 H 64 Pentaterpenes C 50 H 80 Polyterpenes (C 5 H 8 ) n

PH Volatile oils Camphor Oil Biological source :Cinnamomum camphora Chenopodium Oil Biological source :Chenopodium ambrosioides Eucalyptus Oil Biological source :Eucalyptus globulus Geranium Oil Biological source :Pelargonium graveolens

PH Volatile oils Lemon-Grass Oil Biological source :Cymbopogon flexuosus Turpentine Oil Biological source : Pinus roxburghi Peppermint Oil Biological source : Mentha piperita Oil of Lavender Biological source : Lavundula officinalis

PH Resins are solid or semisolid amorphous products They are usually exudation of plants Considered metabolic end products Resins and related combination products may be produced in plants during normal growth Resins and Resin combinations

PH PH Secreted from them after injury Resins usually occur in plants in special tubes Ducts or cavities Resins are non crystalline translucent hard masses which soften on heating Resin and Resin combinations (contd…)

PH PH They are insoluble in water Soluble in organic solvents Chemically resins are complex mixtures of Hydrocarbons and Resin acids Resin and Resin combinations

PH PH Resins contain Resin alcohols Resin phenols Resin glycosides Resin esters Eg: Colophony, Podophyllum and Cannabis Resin and Resin combinations

PH PH Resins are complex natural inert high molecular weight substances Do not show any characteristic property They do not form salts or esters Not hydrolysed by alkalies Eg: Colophony Resin and Resin combinations

PH PH Resin acids or Resinolic acids are high molecular weight substances Form salts with alkali With aqueous solution of alkali form soap like solution or colloidal suspension Eg: Abietic acid of Colophony Resin and Resin combinations

PH PH They occur in free or in combined form The resin alcohols are usually tetracyclic or Pentacyclic alcohols Resinotannols are phenolic in nature Resin Alcohols and Resinotannols:

PH PH Resin Esters They are formed by combination of various resin acids Resins or neutral resins are inert and are not effected by Moisture, Light, Many chemicals Glycoresins or glycosidal resins Resin glycosides on hydrolysis yield glycone and complex acids Eg: Jalap Resin, Ipomoea Resin

PH Resins & their combinations 1. Oleo-resins Homogeneous mixtures of Volatile oil & resin Ex. Copaiba, Capsicum 2. Gum-resins Homogeneous mixtures of gum & resin Ex. Colophony 3. Oleo-gum-resins Homogeneous mixtures of Volatile oil, gum & resin Ex. Asafoetida, Myrrh 4. Balsams Homogeneous mixtures of resin & balsamic acids, like Cinnamic acid or Benzoic acid or both Ex. Benzoin, Storax

PH PH Resinous mixtures containing Balsamic acids Benoic acid Cinnamic acid Eg: Benzoin, Storax Oleoresins are homogeneous mixtures of Resins and Volatile oil Balsamic Resins

PH PH Natural Drugs containing resin and its Combinations Ginger Biological source : Zingiber officinale Turmeric Biological source : Curcuma longa Capsicum Biological source : Capsicum annum Asafoetida Biological source : Ferula foetida Cannabis Biological source : Cannabis sativa Male fern Biological source : Dryopteris filix-mas

PH PH Jalap Biological source :Ipomoea purga Ipomoea Biological source :Ipomoea orizabensis Podophyllum Biological source :Podophyllum peltatum (or) Podophyllum hexandrum Colocynth Biological source :Citrullus colocynthis Benzoin Biological source :Styrax benzoin Natural Drugs containing resin and its Combinations

PH PH Tolu balsum Biological source :Myroxylon balsamum Myrrh Biological source :Commiphora molmol Storax Biological source : Liquidamber orientalis Colophony Biological source :Pinus species Natural Drugs containing resin and its Combinations

PH PH Summary Volatile oils and their classification Resins and their classification In this class we have learnt about

PH PH Quiz 1.One of the following doesn’t belong to Umbelliferae family ? A.Cardamom B.Fennel C.Asafoetida D.Caraway

PH PH What are glycosides?. Give chemical constituents of Ales. (April 2006) 2.What are alkaloids?. List out any two types of alkaloids with examples. (April 2005) 3.What are glycosides? Classify glycosides according to their chemical nature with examples. Write the identification tests and uses of glycosides. (December 2003) 4.Define Tannins. Give two examples of drugs containing tannins and mention their uses. (September 2002) Frequently Asked Questions