MIDDLE AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS TODAY AND TOMORROW: REFORM EFFORTS, CHALLENGES AND ISSUES, AND TRENDS AND PRACTICES Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools Tenth Edition Jioanna Carjuzaa Richard D. Kellough

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-2 Chapter 2 Middle and Secondary Schools Today and Tomorrow: Reform Efforts, Challenges and Issues, and Trends and Practices Key Concepts/Terms/Players

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-3 Middle and Secondary School Reform Current Reform Efforts (a) policy-oriented approach (b) student-centered approach (c) systemic reform; superficial change Race to the Top

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-4 This We Believe: Essential Attributes and Characteristics of Successful Schools Essential Attributes (a) developmentally responsive (b) challenging (c) empowering (d) equitable (e) characteristics of successful schools I. Curriculum, instruction and assessment II. Leadership and organization III. Culture and community

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-5 This We Believe: Essential Attributes and Characteristics of Successful Schools – contd. I. Curriculum, instruction and assessment * educators value young adolescents and are prepared to teach them * students and teachers are engaged in active, purposeful learning * curriculum is challenging, explanatory, imaginative, and relevant * educators use multiple learning and teaching approaches * varied and ongoing assessments advance learning as well as measure it

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-6 This We Believe: Essential Attributes and Characteristics of Successful Schools – contd. II. Leadership and organization * a shared vision developed by all stakeholders guides every decision * leaders are committed to and knowledgeable about this age group, educational research, and best practices * leaders demonstrate courage and collaboration * ongoing professional development reflects best educational practices * organizational structures foster purposeful learning and meaningful relationships

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-7 This We Believe: Essential Attributes and Characteristics of Successful Schools – contd. III. Culture and community * the school environment is inviting, safe, inclusive, and supportive of all * every student’s academic and personal development is guided by an adult advocate * comprehensive guidance and support services meet the needs of young adolescents * health and wellness are supported in curricula, school-wide programs, and related policies * the school actively involves families in the education of their children * the school includes community and business partners

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-8 The Common Core State Standards Initiative Curriculum standards define what students should know and what they should be able to do. Common Core Standards – define the skills and knowledge all students should obtain duri9ng their k-12 education regardless of where they live or attend school and guarantee that students are ready for college courses or entry into the workforce upon high school graduation.

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-9 Alternatives for Reorganizing Middle and Secondary Schools Organizational Provisions for Student Differences –Different kinds of schools (a) magnet school (b) fundamental school (c) charter school (d) for-profit school (e) partnership school (f) tech prep high school (g) full-service school (h) International Baccalaureate school (i) special transitional school

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-10 K-8 Schools Pros Cons

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-11 Challenges and Issues that Plague the Nation’s Middle and Secondary Schools Adolescent illiteracy (a) critical literacy (b) 21 st Century Skills Struggling students/high school dropouts

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-12 Meaningful Curriculum Options Differentiated instruction Response to Intervention (RTI) (a) tiered assignments Understanding by Design and backwards design

Carjuzza/Kellough. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools, 10e, © 2013, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-13 Key Trends Designed to Prepare Our Students for the Future 21 st Century Skills Exit Exams Data-Driven Decision Making Service Learning with Global Impact