Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Definition of a Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria

Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 1. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: 1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. Ribosomes Function: makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: 1. Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes 2. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 4. Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer

Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

Mitochondria Breaks down food,turns it into energy and releases it into the cell. Often known as the “Power House” of the cell. Some types of cells such as muscle cells have a larger number of mitochondria because they are more active and require more energy.

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nuclear membrain

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7. Vacuoles Function: stores water This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 8. Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 9. Cell Wall Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells PlantAnimal