10T2K © Cells Created by Anthony Palombella Used with permission

Thing 1: The Cell Theory  The cell theory was made by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.  It has three parts: All living things are made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. All cells come from division of existing cells.

Thing 2: Four Things ALL Cells Have  A cell membrane (plasma membrane) separates the inside of the cell from the outside.  Cytoplasm is the fluid interior of the cell. In prokaryotes, it’s everything inside the cell membrane. In eukaryotes, it’s everything inside the cell membrane except the nucleus.

Thing 2, continued  Genes made out of DNA.  Ribosomes: organelles (without membranes) that make proteins.

Thing 3: Viruses  Viruses are not made of cells.  Viruses are not alive.  Viruses have some of the features of living things, but they don’t have a metabolism.  A simple virus is a ball of protein with genes inside.

Thing 4: Two Kinds of Cells  Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.  Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles.

Thing 5: Prokaryotic Organisms  Prokaryotic organisms include bacteria and archaebacteria.  They are always single-celled organisms.  They always have a cell wall.  The nucleoid is where their chromosome (DNA) is.

Cell membrane (plasma membrane) Cell wall Capsule Pili Nucleoid Plasmids Ribosomes Flagella Cytoplasm (area inside plasma membrane) These parts are described on your cells worksheet!

Thing 6: Eukaryotic Organisms  Eukaryotic organisms are in four kingdoms: Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protists  Cells from all eukaryotic organisms have a nucleus and lots of membrane-bound organelles.  Eukaryotes may be single-celled or multicellular.

Animal cell parts are described in the cells worksheet! Cell membrane (plasma membrane) Ribosomes Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi body Lysosomes Centrioles Cytoplasm (space inside cell membrane except for nucleus)

Plant cell parts are described in the cells worksheet! Cell membrane (plasma membrane) Cell wall Ribosomes Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi body Chloroplast Cytoplasm (space inside cell membrane except for nucleus) Large vacuole

Thing 7: What Prokaryotes have that eukaryotes don’t  Prokaryotes have a capsule, a polysaccharide coating that helps cells stick together and helps avoid our immune system.  Prokaryotes have pili, extensions that allow one bacterial cell to pass plasmids (small circles of extra DNA) to other bacteria.

Thing 8: What animal cells have that plant cells don’t have  Animal cells have centrioles, small structures that help animal cells divide.  Animal cells have lysosomes, membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes.

Thing 9: What plant cells have that animal cells don’t have  Plant cells contain a large vacuole that takes up most of the space in the cell. It’s used to store water and other materials. Animal cells have many small vacuoles.  Plant cells have chloroplasts that do photosynthesis.  Plant cells have a cell wall made out of cellulose.

Thing 10: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration  Some prokaryotes do photosynthesis. They look kind of like chloroplasts.  Some prokaryotes do cellular respiration. They look kind of like mitochondria.  No prokaryotes do both.  Animals do cellular respiration.  Plants do both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.