Major Scientists Steps of Photosynthesis Factors that Affect Photosynthesis

What is Photosynthesis? A process that converts light (solar) energy into stored (chemical) energy in the form of food molecules like glucose or starch AUTOTROPHS Process used by AUTOTROPHS like plants and algae to make food.

Where does photosynthesis take place? Inside the leaves Inside the cell Inside the chloroplast

What does photosynthesis require? The process requires: Sunlight Sunlight – source of energy Chlorophyll Chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy. Water Water Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide

6H 2 O + 6CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 WATER + CARBON  GLUCOSE + OXYGEN DIOXIDE The photosynthesis equation

Where does photosynthesis take place? Inside the chloroplast 1.Chlorophyll is found inside the thylakoid membranes 2.Stroma is liquid outside the membranes 3.Grana are the stacks of thylakoid membranes

Stroma enzyme rich solution Thylakoid membrane place where chemical reactions takes place Grana stacks of thylakoids Chlorophyll green pigment that absorbs solar energy Structure of chloroplast

Stages of Photosynthesis 1. Energy is captured from sunlight. 2. Light energy is converted to chemical energy stored in the form of ATP and NADPH. 3. The stored energy in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of carbohydrates using CO 2

Summary of Photosynthesis sunlight 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What are the reactants (needed) for photosynthesis? What are the products (made) of photosynthesis?

Types of Organisms Energy

Uses of Cell Energy Movement of cilia/flagella for movement What do living things need energy for? Bioluminescence in fireflies Nerve cells transmit impulses Maintaining warm body temperature in endotherms (warm-blooded)

Types of Organisms Autotrophs Make their own food Heterotrophs Obtain energy from the food they consume or absorb

ENERGY Energy is the ability to do work ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy-storing molecule used as currency in living things ATP ADPAMP Energy PiPi PiPi

Mitochondria Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron transport chain Fermentation

What is Cellular Respiration? A process that converts stored (chemical) energy in food molecules like glucose into energy (ATP) AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS Process used by BOTH AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS to release energy from food they have made, absorbed, or consumed.

Where does respiration take place? Inside the protist, fungi, plant, and animal Inside the cell Inside the mitochondria

What does cellular respiration require? The process requires: Glucose Glucose – source of stored energy Mitochondria Mitochondria, the organelle that converts glucose into ATP. Oxygen – Oxygen – aerobic process

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + ATP GLUCOSE + OXYGEN  WATER + CARBON +ENERGY DIOXIDE The cellular respiration equation How is this chemical reaction similar or different when compared to photosynthesis?

Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Yeasts and microorganisms use this to produce CO 2 and alcohol Causes bread dough to rise and used to make alcohol Lactic Acid Fermentation Prokaryotes use this to produces CO 2 and lactic acid Lactic acid build up during vigorous exercise causes pain and burning sensation in your muscles. These organisms are used to make cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, pickles, sour cream, sauerkraut, and kimchi When NO oxygen (anaerobic) is present, what do organisms do with the glucose (food)?!

Cellular Processes Photosynthesis Photosynthesis 1.In photosynthetic organisms like some bacteria, plantlike protists (Euglena) & all plants 2.Requires CO 2 3.Occurs in the chloroplasts Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration 1.Use oxygen  aerobic respiration 2.No oxygen  anaerobic respiration like lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation 3.All animals, fungi, and animal-like protists 4.Occurs in the mitochondria

Cyclic Relationship The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for aerobic cell respiration and vice versa. CO 2 O2O2 food H2OH2O sunlight H2OH2O

Carbon Dioxide Water

Cyclic Relationship Photosynthesis sunlight 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Respiration ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP