STAAR Review World History

Political Philosophy Thomas Hobbes Sovereign authority-all powerful ruler John Locke Natural law and natural rights-all people are free and governed by nature Jean Jacques Rousseau Social contract-cooperative agreement among community Voltaire Religious tolerance-accepting/permitting religious beliefs and practices other than one’s own Charles de Montesquieu Separation of powers-division of centralized government powers William Blackstone Common law-law derived from customer common practice William Wilberforce Abolition-formally ending slavery

Influence on Democratic Revolutions Thomas Hobbes Justified absolutism leading to enlightenment and revolution John Locke Unalienable rights-”Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” Declaration of Independence-Thomas Jefferson Jean Jacques Rousseau US Constitution and constitutionalism- distribution of power is agreed upon Voltaire Ideas influence revolutionary leaders-US Bill of Rights and 1 st Amendment Charles de Montesquieu 3 branches of government and separation of powers-system of checks and balances to prevent absolutism William Blackstone Ideas influence revolutionary leaders- protecting individual rights William Wilberforce Begins movement to end slave trade 1807 British end slave trade

In his own words… Read the quotes and paraphrase the quotations in the middle column

Democratic Revolutions American Revolution: Causes: British taxes-”no taxation without representation”; influences from Enlightenment-Locke “Life, Liberty and property”; rights previously granted were denied or restricted

Characteristics: Boston Tea Party: civil disobedience Declaration of Independence War/Treaty Establishment of new government with US Constitution

Consequences: Greatly influences the French Revolution Further/later impacts Latin American Revolutions Development of democracy

People: Thomas Jefferson-writer of Declaration of Independence

French Revolution Causes: Social divisions-1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd estates Enlightened ideas Financial crisis

Characteristics: Storming of Bastille Reign of Terror/Radical Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens Constitutional Monarchy to Republic

Consequences: Challenged divine right Rise of capitalism Development of democracy and social equality

People: King Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Maximilien Robespierre Napoleon

Comparisons: Issues of taxation Influenced by Enlightenment Established democratic principles of government Established republican forms of government Overthrow of oppressive rule Violence-more in France than US

Ideas common to Revolutions: Nationalism-pride Liberty-freedom Democracy-government by the people Popular sovereignty-government gets power from the people

Latin American Revolutions Major events: colonial system restricted trade only to Spain People: Simon Bolivar-liberated Peru, Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador and Bolivia Toussaint l’Ouverture-Haiti Jose de San Martin-Argentina and Chile Miguel Hidalgo-Mexico

How did the American and French Revolutions influence Latin America? Enlightenment ideas Outbreak of revolutions During Napoleonic Wars, Latin American colonies governed themselves

Commercial: ’s Transition from local economies and trade to global trade market

Free Enterprise: Adam Smith Economic freedom to choose: buy, work, and make Right to own property Right to make profit Limited government interference Laissez-faire Price and production controlled by law of supply and demand

Change: Mass production Urbanization Worse working conditions Reform/unions Child labor

Industrial Revolution ’s Starts in Great Britain-geography, communication and transportation Textile Revolution-increased production of cotton thread and cloth Factory System-products made faster by machines Transportation Revolution-steam owned powers; steamboat and railroads

Steam engine-James Watt Electric light bulb-Thomas Edison Pasteurization-Louis Pasteur Radioactivity-Marie Curie

Socialism Reform in the workplace through political action Government ownership of basic industries School, public transportation, health care

Communism: Karl Marx-Communist Manifesto Violent revolution Classless society No private property Felt capitalists oppressed workers