Diversity of Organisms and Classification

n Goal of classification process: to make easier way for studying living thing material

Classification of Organisms Kingdom Phylum / Division Class Order Family Genus Species

n The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring

Five Kingdom System n Bacteria n Protists n Fungi n Animals n Plants

Bacteria—Monera Kingdom n Unicellular, microscopic n No nucleus membrane –Prokaryotic n No chlorophyll –Saprophytic or parasitic

Protist kingdom n Unicellular; microscopic n Nucleus membrane is present –Eukaryotic n Autotrophic or heterotrophic

Fungus kingdom n Eukaryotic n Made up of hyphae n No root, stem and leaf n No chlorophyll –Saprophytic or parasitic n Reproduce by forming spores

Animal Kingdom n Eukaryotic n Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: –Invertebrates : without backbone –Vertebrates : with backbone

Invertebrate Coelenterates 2 layers of cells Have tentacles with sting cells One opening

Flatworm Long and flattened body Free living or parasitic

Ringed worms Long and segmented body Have chaetae for locomotion

Roundwoms Long, cylindrical and segmented body Most of them are parasites

Molluscs Soft and unsegmented body Covered by a hard shell

Echinoderms Marine animals with 5-radial plan body Have external spines

Arthropods Segmented body Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs of jointed legs Divided into 4 classes 1. Crustaceans 2. Arachnids 3. Myriapods 4. Insects

Crustaceans

Arachnids

Myriapods

Insects

Vertebrates n Divided into 5 groups: –Fish –Amphibians –Reptiles –Birds –Mammals

Fish n Aquatic n Cold-blooded n Body covered with wet and slimy scales n Streamline body for easy movement through water n Fins for balance and to control movement n Gills for breathing n External fertilization

Amphibians n Cold-blooded n Moist, scaleless skin n Limbs present –tetrapods n Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs n External fertilization

Reptiles n Cold-blooded n Body covered with dry, hard scales n Live on land n Breathe with lungs n Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

Birds --Aves n Warm-blooded n With feathers and wings n Beak for feeding n Lungs for breathing n Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

Mammals n Warm-blooded n Hairs on skin n Females have mammary glands for producing milk n Lungs for breathing n Diaphragm present n Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies

Plant Kingdom n Eukaryotic n Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis –Autotrophic n Can be divided into two groups: –Non-flowering plants –Flowering plants

Non-flowering plants n 4 groups: –Algae –Mosses –Ferns –Gymnosperms

Algae n Aquatic n May be unicellular or multicellular n No root, stem or leaf n Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis

Mosses n With simple leaves and stems n No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water n Reproduce by spores n No vascular tissues n Found in damp area

Ferns n With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues n Reproduce by spores n Live in damp places

Gymnosperms n Reproduction by producing seeds –Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits  naked seeds n Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss

Angiosperms (Flowering plants) n With flowers for reproduction n Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)

Two groups of flowering plants MonocotyledonsDicotyledons CotyledonsTwoOne Leaf venationNettedParallel Root systemTap root systemFibrous root system

n BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Sistem tata cara nama ganda Carolus linnaeus

Linnaeus system of classification, uses two words, for giving the spesies name.

Rules : n The first word is for genus and the second ones is for a species. n The spelling of the first word begins with capital letter, while the second one begins with a letter n These two words are italicized or underlined.

For example : the scientific name of rice is Oryza sativa or Oryza sativa. Oryza is genus names while sativa is a species name.

Cycass rumphii Cycass is genus and rumphii is species.

Students Worksheet No Name of living things Scientific name Rice plant MangoesCornTigerCat Oryza sativa Mangifera indica Zea mays Felis tigris Felis domestica n Complette the table below

EVALUATION MODEL No Name of living things Scientific names The correct 12345GuavaRoseLionFlyWolf Psidium Guajava rosa canina panthera leo musca domestica CANIS LUPUS Psidium guajava Rosa canina Panthera leo Musca domestica Canis lupus