1 The Cold War US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. Socialism

Opening Question During the Cold War the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) spent $3.8 billion dollars on what? How much is a billion dollars? WALM&noredirect=1 WALM&noredirect=1 A ship with a 16,000 ft (3 miles or 54 football fields) underwater claw arm in order to retrieve a sunken Soviet nuclear submarine.

Topics  Attitudes  Berlin  Iron Curtain  Marshall Plan  Council for Mutual Assistance  Truman Doctrine  Policy of Containment Lesson Objective: 1) Define capitalism and communism, 2) Identify key Cold War doctrines, 3) Know how Cold War doctrines influenced/impacted the Cold War, 4) Explain the purpose behind the Berlin Wall

4 US & USSR Relationship during WWII 1939 Stalin (USSR) makes a deal with Hitler (Germany) Hitler breaks deal and attacks USSR. Stalin changes sides and fights with US and other allies.

5 US & USSR Relationship during WWII Before the end of the World War II, Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt met to plan what should happen when the war ended. They agreed on many points: 1.Establishment of United Nations 2.Divide Germany into four zones 3.Free elections in the states of Eastern Europe 4.Russia’s promise to join the war against Japan No agreement was reached on Poland. Winston Churchill (England), Franklin Roosevelt (US) and Joseph Stalin (USSR) meet in Yalta in 1945 to decide the fate of post-war Europe.

6 Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US  Promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression  Promote democracy throughout the world  Stop the spread of communism

7 Post WWII/Cold War Goals for USSR  Create greater security – lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin’s purges – feared a strong Germany  Establish defensible borders  Encourage friendly governments on its borders  Spread communism around the world

8 The Berlin Crisis: June 1948-May 1949 West grew in prosperity and wanted the East to rejoin; Stalin feared Soviet security Stalin decided to gain control of West Berlin, Cuts road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission West responded by airlifting supplies to allow West Berlin to survive Map of Germany divided into zones after WWII Map of Berlin divided into zones after WWII

Berlin Airlift Blockade of Berlin began on June 24, ’48 From June 1948 to May 1949, U.S. and British planes airlift 1.5 million tons of supplies to the residents of West Berlin. After 200,000 flights, the Soviet Union lifts the blockade.

10 Berlin Wall In the dark (1961), barbed-wire barrier rose between East and West Berlin. Within days, workers cemented concrete blocks into a low wall, dividing neighborhoods and families, workers and employers, the free from the repressed. The USSR called the wall a barrier to Western imperialism, but it also was meant to keep its people going to the West where the standard of living was much higher and freedoms greater. Early 1960s view of east side of Berlin Wall with barbed wire at top. A view from the French sector looking over the wall.

Iron Curtain Speech  1946  Fulton Missouri  Statement clearly describing existing situation “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent." VUvjWQ

Remember  U.S. saw Soviet Union as threat to their way of life  USSR thought they had won WWII – Lost most lives – Wanted to gain land as prize – Saw U.S. as threat

Marshall Plan  U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall – Proposes a massive aid program to rebuild Europe from the ravages of World War II.  Nearly $13 billion in U.S. aid was sent to Europe from 1948 to – The Soviet Union and communist Eastern Europe decline U.S. aid, citing "dollar enslavement." There were two motives for this: Helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for American goods, so benefiting American industry. A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism. This was probably the main motive.

COMECON  Council for Mutual Economic Assistance – facilitate and coordinate the economic development of the eastern European countries belonging to the Soviet bloc – Soviet Union has traded primarily with other COMECON members  Soviet response to Marshall plan

Truman Doctrine  Greece and Turkey in danger of falling to communist insurgents  Truman requested $400 million from Congress in aid to both countries.  The principle that the U.S. should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection.  Successful effort

Containment Policy  George F. Kennan- American diplomat in Moscow, expert on Russian history  8000 word telegram- advice on how US should deal with Soviet Union and Communism spread  Stated the Soviet Union was paranoid of Western attack  Suggested Containment strategy- prevent the spread of communism  Truman and subsequent presidents adopt this view.

Key Terms  Capitalism: An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state  Communism: Under the communist system, government ownership of property is stressed over private ownership, and the overall goal is to provide economic security/equality for all people.

Questions?