Hitler and the Rise of the Nazi Regime World War II

COULD HITLER HAVE BEEN STOPPED AT ANY POINT PRIOR TO 1939? WAS ANYONE TO BLAME FOR NOT INTERVENING? WHEN YOU ARE FINISHED: POST TO YOUR PORTFOLIO WITH THE TITLE: WWII JOURNAL ENTRY JANUARY 4 Journal Entry:

Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit, incessantly smoke large and obnoxious cigars, and a defiant tongue and attitude Contestant #3 I am a decorated war hero, do not drink and want to create a stable economy

Contestant #3: AH Contestant #2: WC Contestant #1: FDR

What is it? Describe its characteristics…

 From the text: “A totalitarian government restricts individual rights and makes everyone subordinate to the government” (Colyer et al., 210)  By the end of the 1930s, there were a series of totalitarian states had arisen

 Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural)  Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)  Strict controls and laws  Military state (secret police, army, military)  Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)  Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)  One leader (dictator); charismatic  Total conformity of people to ideas and leader  Terror and Fear

Treaty of Versailles Black Tuesday stock market crashes Great Depression during 1930s Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control - For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Control of State by a Dictator

I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from What is Communism? LEFT WING based on theory by Karl Marx revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to What is Nazism? extremely fascist, nationalistic, and totalitarian based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

GESTAPO: the Secret State Police SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaiuers and opposed rival political parties

Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Wehrmacht : German army Wehrmacht : German army HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth Einstazgruppen : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Einstazgruppen : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs) Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

Disney  During WWII, Disney produced propaganda films or clips for the US government  The government looked to Walt Disney (more so than other film producers) to as the chief builder of public moral  Also created to provide instruction for sailors or soldiers

Disney: Education for Death – the Creation of a Nazi  NiJ-NI

Search, Locate, and Define What is it? How would it lead to Hitler’s Rise to Power?  The Reichtag Fire  The Enabling Act  The Night of Long Knives  The Death of President Hindenburg

January 1933 The depression after the Wall Street Crash made many more people vote for the Nazis. In 1933 Von Papen convinced Hindenburg that Hitler should become Chancellor. President: Head of State Chancellor: Head of Government

February 1933

 The Reichstag building burnt down.  A communist was found inside the building. He admitted responsibility.  Chancellor Hitler was able to convince people that the Communists were trying to take power by terrorism.  He was able to have the Communists banned from the Reichstag.

March 1933 HITLER CAN RULE ALONE FOR FOUR YEARS. THERE IS NO NEED TO CONSULT THE REICHSTAG. With the Communists banned from the Reichstag Hitler was able to pass:

THE ENABLING ACT GAVE HITLER THE POWER TO MAKE HIS OWN LAWS. SO, HE BANNED ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES! SPD- Social Democrats KPD- Communists DDP- German Democratic Zentrum- German Centre Party (Catholic)

June 1934 For all of the power I have because of the Enabling Act, I still feel threatened. Has everyone given an oath of allegiance?

The Night of the Long Knives  A series of political murders – against anyone who theoretically posed a threat to Hitler (or so he though) –Approximately 2 million SA under the control of Ernst Rohm  Hitler had to get rid of Rohm. He was too much of a threat. –Had he truly pledged his allegiance?  On the night of 30 th June 1934 Hitler’s S.S. killed over 1000 SA members.  The army were pleased.  Hitler had gained the support of the army.

August 1934 A final note PRESIDENT HINDENBURG ’ S DEATH GAVE HITLER THE OPPORTUNITY TO COMBINE THE ROLE OF CHANCELLOR AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED HIMSELF ‘ DER FUHRER ’.

Every soldier swore a personal oath of loyalty to ADOLF HITLER.

HITLER BECAME CHANCELLOR THE REICHSTAG FIRE THE ENABLING ACT THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES DEATH OF PRESIDENT HINDENBURG OATH OF LOYALTY TO HITLER

Rallies  Huge rallies were organized to encourage huge crowds to gather in support of the Nazi Party.  Hitler knew he had to manipulate them in order to take control of the country.

Book Burnings  Works of prominent Jewish authors were set on fire –Albert Einstein –Sigmund Freud  Anything viewed as subversive or representative of anything opposed to Nazism  Helen Keller

 Hitler wrote in Mien Kempf that “... all effective propaganda must... harp... until the last member of the public understands what you want them to understand.”

This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew. “The Eternal Jew” Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.

Hitler and the Youth  In 1930, 70% of Nazi Party members were under the age of 40.  What does this mean?

 To youth, the future looked bleak – Hitler promised them a future full of idealism and hope.

The Noble Race  Aryan – Aryan means “noble” in ancient Sanskrit (the ancient language of India)  The Nazi Party believed that the Aryans, a superior race of people, were forced from India and settled in the lands now known as Germany.  The Nazi Party created policies to protect the “Aryan” race.