World History Final Review Mr. Cross Semester B

Fascism & Totalitarianism Totalitarianism government aims to control the political, economic, social, cultural and intellectual lives of its citizens Conquer “hearts & minds” of subjects through mass propaganda techniques Fascism state is glorified above the needs of the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler Nazi Germany Classic example of fascist, totalitarian dictatorship Used heavy propaganda techniques and mass rallies to gain support Stalin’s Soviet Union Not unlike Hitler’s Nazi Germany, except for communism Puts series of “Five Year Plans” in place to boost industrialization Uses “collectivization” of private farms to bring land under govt. control

Road to WWII Hitler repeatedly violates the Treaty of Versailles directly Begins massive rebuilding of military Places soldiers in Rhineland Annexes Austria, Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia Policy of appeasement European Allies did not want another war Allowed Hitler to do as he pleased, aside from full scale military invasion of another country Holocaust Know basic info Location of concentration camps v. location of extermination camps Hitler signs non-aggression pact with Soviets Promptly invades Poland on Sept. 1 st 1939 Great Britain and France declare war on Germany  Official start to WWII

Battles of WWII El Alamein Battle in N. Africa to defend Egypt’s borders and strategic locations: Suez Canal and Arab oilfields Allied victory is first of war and used as momentum to invade mainland Europe through Italy Midway Huge U.S. victory over formidable Japanese Navy Allows U.S. to begin “island-hopping” campaign from S. Pacific on NW course towards Japanese mainland D-Day Invasion ( ) Made possible by Soviet success on the Eastern Front Nazis had to divide military resources between east and west and would never recover Dropping of nuclear bombs “fat man” and “little boy” over Nagasaki and Hiroshima in August 1945 prompts Japanese surrender and ends WWII by middle of August 1945

Cold War NATO U.S. and Western European democratic countries (know members) Warsaw Pact Soviet Union and Eastern European communist countries under Soviet control (know members) Truman Doctrine U.S. would provide financial aid to any countries threatened by the spread of communism (EUR/GRC/TUR) Policy of Containment Could not prevent communism where it already existed U.S. had to keep communism within its existing boundaries and prevent it from spreading through aggressive Soviet moves Marshall Plan Communism was most successful in poorer nations U.S. gave 13 billion in aid to help European nations rebuild their post war economies, thus preventing spread of communism

Cold War Berlin Blockade/Airlift Soviets blockade city of Berlin in 1948  In response to U.S./G.B./FR combining zones in W. Germany Americans and British respond by airlifting supplies into Berlin Ends peacefully in 1949, but Germany is divided Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Failed U.S. led/influenced Bay of Pigs invasion Soviets place nuclear missiles on Cuba U.S. blockades Cuba w/ navy, threatens invasion Solved peacefully, both sides remove missiles Détente Occurs in 1970s under Nixon Relaxing of tensions between U.S. and Soviet Union Leads to SALT talks which limit nuclear weapons and aircraft

A few more things to know… Know about end of Soviet Union Know what perestroika/glasnost were Know events/causes/effects of Vietnam and Korean wars Know which countries made up Yugoslavia Know all countries on post-WWII Europe map