Located in West Africa Largest of the West African Trade Kingdoms Arise in Mid 15 th Century SONGHAY EMPIRE

Flourished on Trans- Sahara Trade Routes established by Ghana and Mali Kingdoms Heavy taxation on Trans-Sahara Trade made the Kingdom very wealthy SONGHAY EMPIRE ECONOMICS

Islamic influence grew among cultural elites in Songhay King Sonni Ali -- followed Islam -- also believed in magic and charms SONGHAY EMPIRE RELIGION

Songhay Kingdom was a cultural center for Islamic learning Songhay was a major Islamic Kingdom in the expanding Islamic World SONGHAY EMPIRE RELIGION Mosque at Djenne Djeno

Located in India Kingdom center = Delhi Established by Muslim Turks MUGHAL EMPIRE

Both Hindu and Islamic civilizations Muslim rulers Hindu subjects GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Orderly government Expanded the arts ACCOMPLISHMENTS UNDER BABUR

Brought peace and order to India Encouraged religious tolerance with both Hindus and Muslims Created a new religion called “Divine Faith” = combined Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity Repealed taxes on Hindus ACCOMPLISHMENTS UNDER AKBAR THE GREAT

Arts = music, literature, painting Lavish courts Large libraries Built the Taj Mahal Increased trade Muslim architects introduced the dome and the arch Brought porcelain, paper, and gunpowder from China to India MUGHAL CIVILIZATION

Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan Mausoleum for his 3rd wife She died giving birth to their 14th child THE TAJ MAHAL

Rulers eventually abandoned religious tolerance and the Hindu minority was persecuted, which weakened the empire Empire officially ended when Great Britain took over India Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 = Mughal’s last stand MUGHAL DECLINE