The Korean War

On each of your maps label the countries and the capitals.

Background China became communist in 1949 The UN (United Nations) was formed in 1945 ◦Permanent members of the security council were Britain, France, US, Soviet Union and China ◦All permanent members have veto power ◦China’s delegate was from the Republic of China in Taiwan (not the People’s Republic of China which was communist)

1945 The United States and the Soviet Union drew a border between North and South Korea o At the 38 th Parallel o North: Communist o South: Democracy (backed by US)

1945 Color North Korea and South Korea different colors Label the 38 th parallel Label North as communist Label South as supported by US

August/September 1950 o North Korea attacked South Korea in 1950 o NK backed by Soviet Union (SU) and China o United Nations (UN) voted to assist South Korea o Douglas MacArthur became commander of U.N. forces (90% of them American) in Korea o The UN was able to do this without the Soviet Union vetoing it because the Soviet Union was not attending Security Council meetings in objection to the delegate from China not being from the People’s Republic o The South Korean Army and the American troops were pushed back to the base of South Korea.

August/September 1950 Label Pusan Draw an arrow showing North Korea’s movement Color the areas controlled by the North and by the South

September/October 1950 o General MacArthur planned a daring amphibious assault on Inchon. o This success allowed them to liberate the South Korean capital of Seoul.

September/October 1950 Label Inchon Draw an arrow and label it “MacArthur’s amphibious assault” Color the areas controlled by the North and by the South

November 1950 o MacArthur and the troops were able to advance all the way to the border between China and North Korea o This causes China to officially enter the war on the side of North Korea

November 1950 Draw arrows showing the movement of MacArthur’s troops Color the areas controlled by the North and by the South Create a graphic showing the entrance of China into the war

April 1951 o MacArthur wanted to expand the war into China but President Truman supported a limited war. o In April of 1951, after publicly criticizing the president, Truman fired MacArthur. o Truman was committed to fighting a limited war– a war fought to achieve a limited objective, such as containing communism. o Peace negotiations began in 1951, but fighting and dying went on for two more years. An armistice was signed in July o American casualties totaled 33,686 battle deaths, along with 2,830 non-battle deaths o It is estimated that close to 5 million Asians died in the war (civilian and military).

Mid 1951 – present o China’s entrance into the war pushed the front back to near the 38th parallel o The line dividing North and South Korea became known as the DMZ (the DeMilitarized Zone)

Mid Present Label the DMZ Color the areas controlled by the North and by the South

Final Information o After the war the boundary between North Korea and South Korea was set at the 38 th parallel. o Before the war America’s policy of containment—keeping communism within its present territory—had been achieved through diplomatic and economic actions. o The Korean War marked the first time the United States had used military action in containment, but not the last. o Truman believed that sending troops into Korea fell under his powers as Commander-in-Chief and never asked for a Congressional declaration of war.

John Green: The Cold War in Asia First 4:18

Analysis Complete on the back of your handout: Describe what happened in each of the maps on your handout. (Use at least two complete sentences for each map).