What is the cause of the Arab-Israeli conflict that is still going on today? Both Arabs and Jewish people believe they have a right to the land of Palestine.

ROOTS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT 1890s

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DID BRITAIN’S ACTIONS IN PALESTINE AFTER 1918 LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE ON-GOING CONFLICT BETWEEN THE JEWS AND THE ARABS IN THE MIDDLE EAST TODAY?

ZIONISM THE MOVEMENT FOR THE RETURN OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE TO PALESTINE AND THE RESUMPTION OF A JEWISH STATE IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL. THE TERM “ZIONISM” WAS COINED IN 1890.

The Middle East in 1914

OIL DISCOVERED IN MIDDLE EAST!  BRITAIN SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH KUWAIT FOR EXCLUSIVE OIL RIGHTS PRIOR TO WW I.  AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES GAIN OIL RIGHTS IN BAHRAIN IN  IN 1933, AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES RECEIVE OIL RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA.  ARAMCO (ARAB-AMERICAN OIL CO.) IS CREATED IN  BRITAIN SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH KUWAIT FOR EXCLUSIVE OIL RIGHTS PRIOR TO WW I.  AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES GAIN OIL RIGHTS IN BAHRAIN IN  IN 1933, AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES RECEIVE OIL RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA.  ARAMCO (ARAB-AMERICAN OIL CO.) IS CREATED IN 1939.

HUSSEIN-MCMAHON LETTERS, 1915 HUSSEIN IBN ALI, SHARIF OF MECCA The documents declared that the Arabs would form an alliance with the United Kingdom and in return the UK will recognize the Arab independence. “....BRITAIN IS PREPARED TO RECOGNIZE THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE ARABS IN ALL REGIONS LYING WITHIN THE FRONTIERS PROPOSED BY THE SHARIF OF MECCA....”

SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT, 1916 A SECRET AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF BRITAIN AND FRANCEA SECRET AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF BRITAIN AND FRANCE BASED UPON THE EXPECTED DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIREBASED UPON THE EXPECTED DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IT DIVIDED THE ARAB PROVINCES OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OUTSIDE THE ARABIAN PENINSULA) INTO AREAS OF FUTURE BRITISH AND FRENCH CONTROL OR INFLUENCEIT DIVIDED THE ARAB PROVINCES OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OUTSIDE THE ARABIAN PENINSULA) INTO AREAS OF FUTURE BRITISH AND FRENCH CONTROL OR INFLUENCE

SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT, 1916

BRITISH PROMISE TO THE JEWS: BALFOUR DECLARATION, 1917 SIR ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR BR. FOREIGN SECRETARY HIS MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT VIEWS WITH FAVOR THE ESTABLISHMENT IN PALESTINE OF A NATIONAL HOME FOR THE JEWISH PEOPLE

LEAGUE OF NATIONS GIVES BRITAIN A MANDATE IN PALESTINE IN 1922: A MANDATE IS TEMPORARY CONTROL GRANTED TO A NATION OVER AN AREA UNTIL IT IS CAPABLE OF SELF- GOV’T LEAGUE OF NATIONS GIVES BRITAIN A MANDATE IN PALESTINE IN 1922: A MANDATE IS TEMPORARY CONTROL GRANTED TO A NATION OVER AN AREA UNTIL IT IS CAPABLE OF SELF- GOV’T BRITISH MANDATE

JEWS & ARABS FROM THE 1920s s, MANY JEWS CAME TO PALESTINE SEEKING REFUGE FROM ANTI- SEMITISM & THE HOLOCAUST.FROM THE 1920s s, MANY JEWS CAME TO PALESTINE SEEKING REFUGE FROM ANTI- SEMITISM & THE HOLOCAUST. PALESTINIAN ARABS RESENTED THE JEWS AND RELATIONS BECAME INCREASINGLY HOSTILE.PALESTINIAN ARABS RESENTED THE JEWS AND RELATIONS BECAME INCREASINGLY HOSTILE.

JEWISH IMMIGRATION Jewish 19191, , , , , , , , , , , ,944 Immigration 19314, , , , , , , , , , ,592 WHY WOULD THE ARABS BE CONCERNED ABOUT THE ABOVE STATISTICS?

ARAB CONCERNS  GROWING JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE  THE TRANSFER OF LANDS TO JEWISH OWNERS  GROWING JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE  THE TRANSFER OF LANDS TO JEWISH OWNERS

JEWS & ARABS IN PALESTINE, 1920 × IN 1920, THERE WERE 10 ARABS FOR EVERY JEW IN PALESTINE. × BY 1947, THE RATIO WAS 2 ARABS FOR EVERY JEW. × THE ARABS FELT THAT THEY WERE LOSING CONTROL OF THEIR LAND × IN 1920, THERE WERE 10 ARABS FOR EVERY JEW IN PALESTINE. × BY 1947, THE RATIO WAS 2 ARABS FOR EVERY JEW. × THE ARABS FELT THAT THEY WERE LOSING CONTROL OF THEIR LAND

JEWISH SETTLEMENTS: THE KIBBUTZ SYSTEM  COMMUNAL LIVING  BASED ON AGRICULTURE  “MAKE THE DESERT BLOOM!”  COMMUNAL LIVING  BASED ON AGRICULTURE  “MAKE THE DESERT BLOOM!”

Date: 11/15/12 Activity: Finish Israel, Review Warm Up: NONE -Homework: *Unit TEST TOMORROW covering India, China, Africa and Israel PgAssignmentDate 48Africa Map Assignment11/7 49Bonus Opportunity11/7 50Israel Sloppy Notes11/8 51Israel Sloppy Notes11/8 52 Israel Power Point Worksheet 11/8 53Unit 2 Review p111/9 54Unit 2 Review p211/9 Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History

BRITISH WHITE PAPER OF 1939  LIMITED JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE  ENDED JEWISH LAND PURCHASES  INDEPENDENCE FOR PALESTINE WITHIN 10 YEARS  “IT IS NOT BRITISH POLICY THAT PALESTINE BECOME A JEWISH STATE”  LIMITED JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE  ENDED JEWISH LAND PURCHASES  INDEPENDENCE FOR PALESTINE WITHIN 10 YEARS  “IT IS NOT BRITISH POLICY THAT PALESTINE BECOME A JEWISH STATE” HOW DOES THE WHITE PAPER CONFLICT WITH EARLIER BRITISH STATEMENTS?

ILLEGAL JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE CONTINUED

JEWISH “FREEDOM FIGHTERS” (OR “TERRORISTS”?)

ENTER THE U.N. UNABLE TO STOP THE VIOLENCE, BRITAIN TURNED THE PROBLEM OVER TO THE U.N.UNABLE TO STOP THE VIOLENCE, BRITAIN TURNED THE PROBLEM OVER TO THE U.N. IN 1947 THE U.N. PARTITIONED PALESTINE INTO SEPARATE JEWISH & ARAB STATES.IN 1947 THE U.N. PARTITIONED PALESTINE INTO SEPARATE JEWISH & ARAB STATES.

VIDEO CLIP: PARTITION The Arab-Israeli Conflict, part 1- Land Division (10 min 5 sec) The Arab-Israeli Conflict, part 1- Land Division (10 min 5 sec)

INDEPENDENCE THE PALESTINIAN JEWS ACCEPTED THE U.N. DECISION & PROCLAIMED THE STATE OF ISRAEL ON MAY 14, 1948.THE PALESTINIAN JEWS ACCEPTED THE U.N. DECISION & PROCLAIMED THE STATE OF ISRAEL ON MAY 14, THE PALESTINIAN ARABS & NEIGHBORING ARAB COUNTRIES REJECTED THE PLAN.THE PALESTINIAN ARABS & NEIGHBORING ARAB COUNTRIES REJECTED THE PLAN.

SEEKING TO DESTROY THE NEW JEWISH STATE, THE ARAB NATIONS LAUNCHED A JOINT ATTACK AGAINST ISRAEL (THE 1ST OF 4 SUCH WARS). WAR OF INDEPENDENCE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE BEGINS! MAY 15, 1948

VIDEO CLIP: 1948 WAR 1948 war (8 min 22 sec) 1948 war (8 min 22 sec)

PLIGHT OF THE PALESTINIANS 75% OF THE ARAB POPULATION OF ISRAEL FLED TO NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES.75% OF THE ARAB POPULATION OF ISRAEL FLED TO NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. THEY EXPECTED TO RETURN AFTER THE WAR BUT WERE UNABLE TO DO SO.THEY EXPECTED TO RETURN AFTER THE WAR BUT WERE UNABLE TO DO SO. THE PALESTINIANS SETTLED INTO REFUGEE CAMPS WHERE THEY HAD LITTLE OPPORTUNITY TO LEAD NORMAL LIVES.THE PALESTINIANS SETTLED INTO REFUGEE CAMPS WHERE THEY HAD LITTLE OPPORTUNITY TO LEAD NORMAL LIVES.

ARAB REFUGEES, 1948

ARMISTICE SIGNED, 1949

SUEZ CRISIS Egypt seized control of the Suez Canal from Britain and France. Egypt also blocked Israel’s use of the Straits of Tiran (their only way to the Red Sea) Israel, Britain and France made a plan together to attack Egypt

SUEZ CRISIS Soviet Union came to the defense of Egypt and from this point forward they gave their support and aid to Egypt and the other Arab nations against Israel. The US (President Eisenhower) did not support the actions of Israel, Britain and France. –They were more concerned with the Soviet war in Hungary and the Cold War. –They pressured for a cease fire.