CJ in the USA: Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Upon completion of this Module, the student will be able to:  Explain the management of police organizations  Describe the functions of patrol officers  Describe the responsibilities of detectives  Explain the role of crime scene technicians  Explain the role of technology in police work  Describe the evolution of citizen involvement/relations in police work  Identify the police’s first-responder role Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Introduction  This Module will connect the various functions of the police role Highly visible roles: Detectives and patrol officers Investigations, forensics, community relations First responders in emergencies Background functions Staffing, training, supervision, technology, resources Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Organization/Management  Law enforcement agencies are “paramilitary” organizations Clear chain of command Span of control  Functional responsibility Investigations division Services division Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Law Enforcement Agencies  The system within a police department Line functions – provide direct services to the community Staff functions – provide services to the line functions Training Supervision Equipment and resources Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Patrol Functions  Patrol is one of the most important functions Available 24/7 Patrol areas divided into identifiable sections “Ownership” of beat Primary investigators for virtually every event Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Investigations  Dispatcher Obtains information from caller Determines what services are needed and who can best provide them  Patrol officer(s) Conducts preliminary investigation See a case through to its conclusion Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Investigations  Detective Full-time investigators – collect information and build a case to bring suspect to justice Rely on information gathered by patrol officers Involved in obtaining search/arrest warrants Work closely with prosecutors in preparing cases for court Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Investigations  Specialists include: Polygraph technicians Crime analysis technicians Medical examiner or coroner Forensic pathologists  Chain of custody – documentation of tracking evidence from collection to the courtroom Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Crime Technology  Constant technology improvements Radio technology GPS and satellite tracking Heat-sensing devices Uniform fabric Ballistic materials Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Crime Technology  Forensics DNA Toxicology Ballistics Document examiners Fingerprint experts Forensic dentists, podiatrists, anthropologists Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Crime Technology  Issues with modern technology Requires more sophisticated training Awareness to handle evidence properly Financial cost Civil libertarian concerns for the public Infringing on basic privacy rights of citizens Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Community Relations  Sir Robert Peel’s “Principles of Policing” describes working with the community as mandatory for successful policing “Beat cop” Posse Patrol cars Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Professional Era of Policing  Changes in society after WWII included: More technology Changing demographics Less reliance on community, more on professional training and technology Police became more autonomous Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Professional Era of Policing  Changes during 1960s included: Civil rights movement, youth movement, antiwar movement, women’s movement Police force hiring practices became more diverse Police authorities recognized need to improve relations with community Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Community Policing  Citizens play a role as the “eyes and ears” of the police: Neighborhood watch groups Citizen Police Academies Volunteers Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

First Responder and Emergency  Law enforcement viewed as the “one-stop shop” for virtually any type of problem 911 system for quick emergency access Has become overused for non-emergencies Respond to events that are not criminal Evacuations and securing property Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Summary Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.  Police departments are paramilitary organizations with clear chains of command.  Patrol is one of the most important parts of a police agency – a function that takes place 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.  Many criminal justice professionals make up an investigative team.  As a result of the 911 emergency system, police are usually the first responders to almost any emergency.